ArticleNature communications2018
Birth mode is associated with earliest strain-conferred gut microbiome functions and immunostimulatory potential.
Article in Nature communications, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 183 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
183 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 287 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of mode of birth and perinatal antibiotics on infant gut microbiota and health: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ paediatrics open · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Mother-to-infant vertical transmission in early life: a systematic review and proportional meta-analysis of Bifidobacterium strain transmissibility.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2025Pooled it
- Research focus and emerging trends of the gut microbiome and infant: a bibliometric analysis from 2004 to 2024.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Effects of vaginal microbiota transfer on social-emotional and neurodevelopment in cesarean-born infants: 12-month follow-up of a pilot randomized clinical trial.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2026Trial
- Fecal microbiota transplantation plus pembrolizumab and axitinib in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: the randomized phase 2 TACITO trial.Nature medicine · 2026Trial
- A synbiotic intervention modulates meta-omics signatures of gut redox potential and acidity in elective caesarean born infants.BMC microbiology · 2021Trial
- From signals to systems: the epigenetic-microbiome-mitochondrial axis in IBD pathogenesis.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Article
- Shaping the future of early-onset colorectal cancer prevention.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2026Review
- Plasticity of the infant immune system during the perinatal period.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Midwifery Students' Definitions of Normal Labor and Birth: A Study From Five Countries.Birth (Berkeley, Calif.) · 2026Article
- Impact of Infant Feeding Mode on Gut Microbiome Composition in Early Life: Evidence from an Egyptian Cohort.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Global analysis of infant gut microbiota revealed distinctive maturation dynamics across lifestyles.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2026Article
- Maternal and infant gut microbiome.iMeta · 2026Review
- The gastrointestinal microbiome and constituent short-chain fatty acids: a narrative review of an underexplored axis in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.Gut pathogens · 2026Review
- Mother-to-offspring microbial vertical transmission: timing, determinants, and impact on offspring susceptibility to gastrointestinal diseases.Medical review (2021) · 2026Review
- Microbiome and thyroid diseases: future precision studies of the gut-thyroid axis to facilitate the adjuvant treatment.Iranian journal of microbiology · 2026Review
- Effects of N-Acetylneuraminic Acid on Intestinal Microbial Composition and Metabolic Activity in a Piglet Model.Veterinary sciences · 2026Article
123 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The rate of caesarean section delivery (CSD) is increasing worldwide. It remains unclear whether disruption of mother-to-neonate transmission of microbiota through CSD occurs and whether it affects human physiology. Here we perform metagenomic analysis of earliest gut microbial community structures and functions. We identify differences in encoded functions between microbiomes of vaginally delivered (VD) and CSD neonates. Several functional pathways are over-represented in VD neonates, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis. We link these enriched functions to individual-specific strains, which are transmitted from mothers to neonates in case of VD. The stimulation of primary human immune cells with LPS isolated from early stool samples of VD neonates results in higher levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interleukin 18 (IL-18). Accordingly, the observed levels of TNF-α and IL-18 in neonatal blood plasma are higher after VD. Taken together, our results support that CSD disrupts mother-to-neonate transmission of specific microbial strains, linked functional repertoires and immune-stimulatory potential during a critical window for neonatal immune system priming.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.