ArticleScientific reports2018
Targeted-pig trial on safety and immunogenicity of serum-derived extracellular vesicles enriched fractions obtained from Porcine Respiratory and Reproductive virus infections.
Article in Scientific reports, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed.
- Helper lipid-engineered extracellular vesicles enable PET imaging-guided pulmonary siRNA delivery to treat lung metastasis.Science advances · 2026Article
- Interactions between extracellular vesicles and viruses: lessons learned across species and kingdoms.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicles as new-age vaccine carriers: a focused account on viral diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Bridging biology and therapy: translational advances of extracellular vesicles in veterinary clinical practice.Veterinary research communications · 2025Review
- From biomolecules to breakthroughs: exosomes as next-generation theranostics in female infertility.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Exosomes in diagnostic and therapeutic applications of ovarian cancer.Journal of ovarian research · 2024Review
- ELISA-based detection of immunoglobulins against extracellular vesicles in blood plasma.Journal of extracellular biology · 2024Article
- Proteomics of circulating extracellular vesicles reveals diverse clinical presentations of COVID-19 but fails to identify viral peptides.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Emerging role of extracellular vesicles in veterinary practice: novel opportunities and potential challenges.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Review
- Harnessing crosstalk between extracellular vesicles and viruses for disease diagnostics and therapeutics.Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids · 2024Review
- Immunomodulatory properties ofFrontiers in parasitology · 2024Article
- The Long Journey of Extracellular Vesicles towards Global Scientific Acclamation.Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin · 2023Review
- Extracellular Vesicles in Veterinary Medicine.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Review
- Current Status of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells for Treatment of Neurological Diseases.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2022Review
- Development of surface engineered antigenic exosomes as vaccines for respiratory syncytial virus.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Review
- Extracellular Vesicles: Novel Opportunities to Understand and Detect Neoplastic Diseases.Veterinary pathology · 2021Review
- Review
- Antigen Discovery in Circulating Extracellular Vesicles FromFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Article
- Insights Into Extracellular Vesicle/Exosome and miRNA Mediated Bi-Directional Communication During Porcine Pregnancy.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) is the etiological agent of one of the most important swine diseases with a significant economic burden worldwide. Unfortunately, available vaccines are partially effective highlighting the need of novel approaches. Previously, antigenic viral proteins were described in serum-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) from pigs previously infected with PRRSV. Here, a targeted-pig trial was designed to determine the safety and immunogenicity of such extracellular vesicles enriched fractions. Our results showed that immunizations with EV-enriched fractions from convalescence animals in combination with montanide is safe and free of virus as immunizations with up-to two milligrams of EV-enriched fractions did not induce clinical symptoms, adverse effects and detectable viral replication. In addition, this vaccine formulation was able to elicit specific humoral IgG immune response in vaccinated animals, albeit variably. Noticeably, sera from vaccinated animals was diagnosed negative when tested for PRRSV using a commercial ELISA test; thus, indicating that this new approach differentiates vaccinated from infected animals. Lastly, after priming animals with EV-enriched fractions from sera of convalescence animals and boosting them with synthetic viral peptides identified by mass spectrometry, a distinctive high and specific IFN-γ response was elicited. Altogether, our data strongly suggest the use of serum EV-enriched fractions as a novel vaccine strategy against PRRSV.
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