Trial reportAnnals of the rheumatic diseases2019
Effects of B-cell directed therapy on the preclinical stage of rheumatoid arthritis: the PRAIRI study.
Trial report in Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 132 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
132 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 280 citations in OpenAlex.
- Autoantibodies as predictors of progression to rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.RMD open · 2026Pooled it
- Imaging tests as predictors of progression to rheumatoid arthritis in clinically suspect arthralgia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2025Pooled it
- Acceptability of predictive testing for ischemic heart disease in those with a family history and the impact of results on behavioural intention and behaviour change: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2022Pooled it
- Systematic review of quantitative preference studies of treatments for rheumatoid arthritis among patients and at-risk populations.Arthritis research & therapy · 2022Pooled it
- Perceptions and experiences of individuals at-risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) knowing about their risk of developing RA and being offered preventive treatment: systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative studies.Annals of the rheumatic diseases · 2022Pooled it
- EULAR points to consider for conducting clinical trials and observational studies in individuals at risk of rheumatoid arthritis.Annals of the rheumatic diseases · 2021Guideline
- Abatacept versus hydroxychloroquine for prevention of rheumatoid arthritis in individuals with palindromic rheumatism: a randomized open-label trial.Nature medicine · 2026Trial
- A Phase 2 Trial of Hydroxychloroquine in Individuals at Risk for Rheumatoid Arthritis.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Trial
- A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Hydroxychloroquine in Incomplete Lupus.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- Senescent-like activated naive B cells contribute to progression to clinical rheumatoid arthritis.Nature aging · 2026Article
- Prevention of rheumatoid arthritis: state-of-the-art and considerations for the design of new trials.EULAR rheumatology open · 2026Review
- Serum Proteomic Signatures of Rheumatoid Arthritis Risk and Response: Analysis of a Rheumatoid Arthritis Interception Trial.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Pre-arthritis stages of rheumatoid arthritis: from pathology to precision prevention.RMD open · 2026Article
- Development of a Diagnostic Autoantibody Assay to a Consensus Motif for the Risk Prediction of Epstein-Barr Virus-Related Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Preclinical Rheumatoid Arthritis: Pathogenesis, Risk Stratification, and Therapeutic Interception.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Towards primary prevention of multiple sclerosis.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2026Review
- Article
- Living with palindromic rheumatism: a qualitative interview study.Rheumatology advances in practice · 2026Article
72 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesWe explored the effects of B-cell directed therapy in subjects at risk of developing autoantibodypositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA), who never experienced inflammatory arthritis before, and explored biomarkers predictive of arthritis development.
methodsIndividuals positive for both anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies and rheumatoid factor but without arthritis were included in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to receive a single infusion of 1000 mg rituximab or placebo.
resultsEighty-one individuals received treatment and were followed up for a mean of 29.0 (0-54) months, during which 30/81 (37%) individuals developed arthritis. The observed risk of developing arthritis in the placebo-treated group was 40%, which was decreased by 55% (HR 0.45, 95% CI 0.154 to 1.322) in the rituximab-treated group at 12 months. Rituximab treatment caused a delay in arthritis development of 12 months compared with placebo treatment at the point when 25% of the subjects had developed arthritis (p<0.0001). Erythrocyte sedimentation rate and the presence of anti-citrullinated α-enolase peptide 1 at baseline were significant predictors of arthritis development.
conclusionsA single infusion of 1000 mg rituximab significantly delays the development of arthritis in subjects at risk of developing RA, providing evidence for the pathogenetic role of B cells in the earliest, prearthritis stage of autoantibody positive RA.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.