ArticleJournal of biomedical science2018
The effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy on the serum levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in HIV infected subjects.
Article in Journal of biomedical science, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 78 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
78 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 151 citations in OpenAlex.
- Inflammation as a Prognostic Marker in Cardiovascular Kidney Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Obstructive sleep apnea-related hypoxemia and heart rate dynamics are associated with systemic inflammation in people living with HIV.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2026Article
- Reduced cytokine levels among people living with HIV (PLWH) in ghana co-infected with human coronaviruses.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Longitudinal assessment of inflammatory biomarkers among youth with perinatal HIV infection and HIV exposure.AIDS (London, England) · 2026Article
- Serum Cytokines and TGF-β1: A Window into Syphilis Among People Living with HIV.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Early Combination Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation During Primary HIV Infection Restricts HIV Reservoirs and Gut-Driven Inflammation but Fails to Rewire the Systemic Cytokine Landscape.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Therapeutic Failure or Success Risk Associated With the Dynamic of Immunological Parameters in People Living With HIV-1 on Antiretroviral Treatment in Benin.AIDS research and treatment · 2026Article
- Inflammation identity crisis: pathogenic nature of platelet-derived transforming growth factor β in chronic inflammatory conditions.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Identification of Inflammation Markers as Novel Potential Predictors of the HIV-DNA Reservoir Size.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Immunoinformatics study of CD40 ligand-targeting vaccine constructs: a novel immunotherapeutic approach.Osong public health and research perspectives · 2025Article
- TRAIL (DR5) receptor and the modulation of TRAIL pathway in PLWHIV: key mechanisms in the progression of HIV disease.BMC molecular and cell biology · 2025Article
- Review
- Association between cytokine and increased risk of death in ART- naïve and ART-non-adherence patients hospitalized with advanced HIV disease.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Observational
- Limited restoration of T cell subset distribution and immune function in older people living with HIV-1 receiving HAART.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2025Article
- Influence of cytokines on the recovery trajectory of HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy: A review.Medicine · 2025Review
- Cytokines in HIV-1 patients on combination antiretroviral therapy with persistent low-level viremia at a tertiary hospital in Western Kenya.The Pan African medical journal · 2025Article
- Double, double toil and trouble: transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) in HIV infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Evaluation of cytokine levels in HIV-infected individuals on therapy with tenofovir, lamivudine, and dolutegravir.Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologica · 2025Article
- Review
- Innate immune memory in chronic HIV and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND): potential mechanisms and clinical implications.Journal of neurovirology · 2024Review
18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCytokines play an important role in controlling the homeostasis of the immune system and infection with Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) leads to deregulated production of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. This study was designed to determine the effects of HIV and Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) on the levels of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines in HIV infected subjects.
methodA total of 50 HIV infected and 50 HIV seronegative control participants were recruited for the study. The HIV infected subjects were recruited before commencement of antiretroviral therapy and were followed up for 12 months. Blood samples were collected at 3 different points: before initiation of therapy, 6 months into therapy and 12 months into therapy. Serum cytokines were analyzed using ELISA method while CD4+ T cells and viral load counts were measured using standard laboratory methods.
resultThe results showed that pro-inflammatory cytokines: Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and anti-inflammatory cytokines Interleukin-4 (IL-4), Interleukin-10 (IL-10) and Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) were significantly elevated in HIV infected subjects before commencement of therapy compared to 6 months and 12 months into therapy (P < 0.01) and compared to control participants (P < 0.01). TNF-α, TGF-beta remained significantly elevated even after 12 months of therapy compared to control participants (P < 0.01), while IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 showed no significant difference compared to control participants after 12 months of therapy (P > 0.05). INF-γ was significantly reduced before commencement of therapy and after 12 months of therapy compared to control participants (P < 0.05) respectively.
conclusionTNF-α and TGF-β remained significantly elevated even after 12 months of therapy, while IFN-γ remained significantly reduced after 12 months of therapy. Regulating these cytokines which were unresponsive to therapy could serve as a potential measure of therapy for HIV infected subjects. The positive effect of 12 months therapy on IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 levels can be used to monitor disease prognosis during therapy especially in resource poor setting where regular viral load monitoring is unavailable.
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