ArticleAmerican journal of perinatology2019
Early Pregnancy Hemoglobin A1C and Pregnancy Outcomes: A Population-Based Study.
Article in American journal of perinatology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04523363 (Metformin Versus Standard of Care Treatment in Pregnant Women With Prediabetes), which is not on this map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Metformin Versus Standard of Care Treatment in Pregnant Women With Prediabetes: A Randomized Trial
Open the trial in the graphWho cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global burden of early pregnancy gestational diabetes mellitus (eGDM): A systematic review.Acta diabetologica · 2022Pooled it
- 2. Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2026.Diabetes care · 2026Review
- Advances in gestational diabetes mellitus screening: Emerging trends and future directions.World journal of diabetes · 2025Review
- Universal screening for hyperglycemia in early pregnancy and the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Insulin-Like Growth Factors, Binding Proteins and Their Role in Pregnancy in Patients With Diabetes.Journal of diabetes research · 2025Review
- 2. Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2025.Diabetes care · 2025Review
- Association between glycated hemoglobin and the risk of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome in preterm premature rupture of membranes pregnancies.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Early HbA1c Levels as a Predictor of Adverse Obstetric Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Hemoglobin A1c in early pregnancy to identify preexisting diabetes mellitus and women at risk of hyperglycemic pregnancy complications.AJOG global reports · 2024Article
- A1C: Episode 1.Clinical diabetes : a publication of the American Diabetes Association · 2024Article
- 2. Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2024.Diabetes care · 2024Review
- Reducing Maternal Obesity and Diabetes Risks Prior to Conception with the National Diabetes Prevention Program.Maternal and child health journal · 2023Article
- Trends in Screening for Diabetes in Early Pregnancy in the United States.Journal of women's health (2002) · 2023Article
- 2. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2023.Diabetes care · 2023 · on this mapReview
- Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in mid-pregnancy and perinatal outcomes.International journal of epidemiology · 2022Article
- Maternal and neonatal outcomes of antihypertensive treatment in pregnancy: A retrospective cohort study.PloS one · 2022Article
- Early Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Diagnostic Strategies and Clinical Implications.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Review of Prediabetes and Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy.American journal of perinatology · 2021Review
- Reducing intergenerational obesity and diabetes risk.Diabetologia · 2021Review
- Association of Normal-Range Hemoglobin A1c Value During Midpregnancy with Adverse Birth Outcomes.International journal of general medicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveWomen with prediabetes are identified from screening for overt diabetes in early pregnancy, but the clinical significance of prediabetes in pregnancy is unclear. We examined whether prediabetes in early pregnancy was associated with risks of adverse outcomes. STUDY
designWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of pregnant women enrolled in Kaiser Permanente Washington from 2011 to 2014. Early pregnancy hemoglobin A1C (A1C) values, covariates, and outcomes were ascertained from electronic medical records and state birth certificates. Women with prediabetes (A1C of 5.7-6.4%) were compared with those with normal A1C levels (<5.7%) for risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and other outcomes including preeclampsia, primary cesarean delivery, induction of labor, large/small for gestational age, preterm birth, and macrosomia. We used modified Poisson's regression to calculate adjusted relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
resultsOf 7,020 women, 239 (3.4%) had prediabetes. GDM developed in 48% of prediabetic women compared with 11% of women with normal A1C levels (adjusted RR: 2.8, 95% CI: 2.4-3.3). Prediabetes was not associated with all other adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes.
conclusionPrediabetes in early pregnancy is a risk factor for GDM. Future research is needed to elucidate whether early intervention may reduce this risk.
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