ArticleClinicoEconomics and outcomes research : CEOR2018
Economic analysis of pharmacist-administered influenza vaccines in Ontario, Canada.
Article in ClinicoEconomics and outcomes research : CEOR, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Expanding vaccination provider types and administration sites can increase vaccination uptake: A systematic literature review of the evidence in non-United States geographies.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Pooled it
- European community pharmacists practice in tackling influenza.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2024Review
- Use of Adjuvanted Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine in Older-Age Adults: A Systematic Review of Economic Evidence.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Influenza vaccination in community pharmacy: A cross-sectional survey of Canadian adults' knowledge, attitude and beliefs.Canadian pharmacists journal : CPJ = Revue des pharmaciens du Canada : RPC · 2024Article
- Maternal skepticism regarding children's vaccination in Jordan: Investigating the knowledge, attitude, and adherence.PloS one · 2024Article
- Review
- Patient satisfaction with pharmacist-administered COVID-19 vaccines in Poland: a survey study in the vaccination centres context.BMC health services research · 2022Article
- Distributing Publicly-Funded Influenza Vaccine-Community Pharmacies' Perspectives on Acquiring Vaccines from Public Health and from Private Distributors in Ontario, Canada.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Pharmacists' Perspectives on Providing the Influenza Vaccine in Community Pharmacies: A Qualitative Study.Risk management and healthcare policy · 2020Article
- Pharmacists as Immunizers: The Role of Pharmacies in Promoting Immunization Campaigns and Counteracting Vaccine Hesitancy.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- Exploring influenza vaccine hesitancy in community pharmacies: Knowledge, attitudes and practices of community pharmacists in Ontario, Canada.Canadian pharmacists journal : CPJ = Revue des pharmaciens du Canada : RPCArticle
- How pharmacists are improving immunization in Canada.Canadian pharmacists journal : CPJ = Revue des pharmaciens du Canada : RPCArticle
- Time for harmonization: Pharmacists as immunizers across Canadian jurisdictions.Canadian pharmacists journal : CPJ = Revue des pharmaciens du Canada : RPCArticle
- Community pharmacists' evolving role in Canadian primary health care: a vision of harmonization in a patchwork system.Pharmacy practiceArticle
- Opportunities for pharmacists to recommend and administer routine vaccines.Canadian pharmacists journal : CPJ = Revue des pharmaciens du Canada : RPCReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of pharmacist administration of influenza vaccine in Ontario on: 1) vaccination-associated costs related to the number of people vaccinated; 2) annual influenza-related outcomes and costs; and 3) change in productivity costs.
methodsUsing available data for Ontario, the total number of vaccinations given by providers in the 2011/12 influenza season (pre) was compared to the 2013/14 influenza season (post). Vaccine costs and provider fees for administration were assigned for both periods. An economic model was created to estimate the impact of the change in influenza vaccination volume on influenza-related outcomes and on the health care costs associated with treating influenza-related outcomes. Productivity costs due to both time off work due to getting vaccinated and influenza illness were considered. One-way sensitivity analysis was used to assess parameter uncertainty.
resultsThe number of vaccinations received by Ontarians increased by 448,000 (3% of the population), with pharmacists vaccinating approximately 765,000 people/year. The increased cost to the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-term Care was $6.3 million, while the money saved due to reduced influenza-related outcome costs was $763,158. Productivity losses were reduced by $4.5 million and $3.4 million for the time invested to get vaccinated and time off work due to influenza illness, respectively.
conclusionAfter two influenza seasons, following the introduction of pharmacist-administered influenza vaccinations, there was a net immunization increase of almost 450,000, which potentially saved $2.3 million in direct health care costs and lost productivity in the province.
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Registered trials
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