ArticleJournal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)2019
B cell homeostasis is maintained during long-duration spaceflight.
Article in Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of isolated, confined and extreme environments on parameters of the immune system - a systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Astroimmunology: the effects of spaceflight and its associated stressors on the immune system.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Physical Activity Guidelines for Astronauts: An Immunological Perspective.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Spaceflight exposome/microgravity effects on the psychoimmunoneuroendocrine system.NPJ microgravity · 2025Review
- Reactivation of latent human intracellular infections during a months-long expedition at the Antarctic Vostok station.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Pulmonary and systemic immune alterations in rats exposed to airborne lunar dust.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Challenges for the human immune system after leaving Earth.NPJ microgravity · 2024Review
- Review
- Collection of biospecimens from the inspiration4 mission establishes the standards for the space omics and medical atlas (SOMA).Nature communications · 2024Article
- Long-term space missions' effects on the human organism: what we do know and what requires further research.Frontiers in physiology · 2024Review
- Hindlimb unloading, a physiological model of microgravity, modifies the murine bone marrow IgM repertoire in a similar manner as aging but less strongly.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2023Article
- Next generation of astronauts or ESA astronaut 2.0 concept and spotlight on immunity.NPJ microgravity · 2023Review
- Microgravity and immune cells.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2023Review
- The transcriptome response of astronaut leukocytes to long missions aboard the International Space Station reveals immune modulation.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Review
- Detrimental effects of simulated microgravity on mast cell homeostasis and function.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- B-Cell Homeostasis Is Maintained During Two Months of Head-Down Tilt Bed Rest With or Without Antioxidant Supplementation.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Review
- Human immune system adaptations to simulated microgravity revealed by single-cell mass cytometry.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Evaluating the effect of spaceflight on the host-pathogen interaction between human intestinal epithelial cells and Salmonella Typhimurium.NPJ microgravity · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Long-duration spaceflights reportedly induce immune dysregulation, which is considered a risk to astronaut safety and mission success. Recent studies have examined the impact of spaceflight on markers of adaptive and innate immunity, but no study, to date, has comprehensively evaluated humoral immunity and serological markers of B cell function. The aim of this study was to characterize changes in B cell numbers and phenotypes, along with plasma Igs and polyclonal free light chains (FLCs)-near-"real-time" biomarkers of Ig synthesis-in response to an ~6-mo mission to the International Space Station (ISS). Whole-blood samples were collected before flight, during flight ("Early flight," "Mid-flight," and "Late flight"), immediately upon return, and during a recovery period (R + 18, R + 30/R + 33, and R + 60/R + 66) from 23 ISS crew members. B Cell counts and phenotypes were measured throughout the duration of the mission, along with total plasma Ig and FLC levels. There was no effect of spaceflight on the number and proportion of the different B cell subsets. There was no difference in kappa FLC between preflight samples and either in-flight or recovery samples ( P > 0.05), and only a marginal reduction was observed in lambda FLC levels upon return to Earth ( P < 0.05). Furthermore, IgG and IgM remained unchanged during and after spaceflight compared with preflight values ( P > 0.05). Of note, plasma IgA concentrations were elevated in-flight compared with baseline and recovery values ( P < 0.05). These results indicate that B cell homeostasis is maintained during long-duration spaceflight, advocating for potential in-flight vaccination as viable countermeasures against viral reactivation during exploration-class missions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.