ArticleInternational journal of cancer2019
Hot beverages and oesophageal cancer risk in western Kenya: Findings from the ESCCAPE case-control study.
Article in International journal of cancer, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Environmental and life-style risk factors for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2023Pooled it
- Hot Tea Consumption and Esophageal Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of esophageal cancer in Africa: Epidemiology, risk factors, management and outcomes.World journal of gastroenterology · 2019Pooled it
- The global burden of oesophageal cancer from 1990 to 2023 and projections to 2040: a comprehensive analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023.Journal of global health · 2026Article
- Article
- Soil selenium and oesophageal cancer incidence in China: a large ecological study of population-based cancer registry data.International journal of health geographics · 2026Article
- Article
- Global, regional, and national burden of esophageal cancer using the 2019 global burden of disease study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Assessing cross-country inequalities in global burden of gastrointestinal cancers: slope and concentration index approach.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Landscape of esophageal cancer in Northern Kenya: experience from Garissa Regional Cancer Center.Ecancermedicalscience · 2024Article
- A Genomic Analysis of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Eastern Africa.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2023Article
- Esophageal and Head and Neck Cancer Patients Attending Ocean Road Cancer Institute in Tanzania from 2019 to 2021: An Observational Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Observational
- Review
- A very-hot food and beverage thermal exposure index and esophageal cancer risk in Malawi and Tanzania: findings from the ESCCAPE case-control studies.British journal of cancer · 2022Article
- Risk Factors Associated With Early-Onset Esophageal Cancer in Tanzania.JCO global oncology · 2022Article
- Tobacco and other risk factors for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Lilongwe Malawi: Results from the Lilongwe esophageal cancer case: Control study.PLOS global public health · 2022Article
- Geophagia and risk of squamous cell esophageal cancer in the African esophageal cancer corridor: Findings from the ESCCAPE multicountry case-control studies.International journal of cancer · 2021Article
- Microbiome and Cancers of the Esophagus: A Review.Microorganisms · 2021Review
- Indoor wood combustion, carcinogenic exposure and esophageal cancer in southwest Kenya.Environment international · 2021Article
- Cancer in Africa: The Untold Story.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Article
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11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has markedly high incidence rates in Kenya and much of East Africa, with a dire prognosis and poorly understood aetiology. Consumption of hot beverages-a probable carcinogen to humans-is associated with increased ESCC risk in other settings and is habitually practiced in Kenya. We conducted a case-control study in Eldoret, western Kenya between August 2013 and March 2018. Cases were patients with endoscopically confirmed oesophageal cancer whose histology did not rule out ESCC. Age and sex-matched controls were hospital visitors and hospital out and in-patients excluding those with digestive diseases. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated for self-reported drinking temperatures; consumption frequency; mouth burning frequency and hot porridge consumption using logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders. Drinking temperature association with tumour sub-location was also investigated. The study included 430 cases and 440 controls. Drinkers of 'very hot' and 'hot' beverages (>95% tea) had a 3.7 (95% CI: 2.1-6.5) and 1.4-fold (1.0-2.0) ESCC risk, respectively compared to 'warm' drinkers. This trend was consistent in males, females, never and ever alcohol/tobacco and was stronger over than under age 50 years. The tumour sub-location distribution (upper/middle/lower oesophagus) did not differ by reported drinking temperature. Our study is the first comprehensive investigation in this setting to-date to observe a link between hot beverage consumption and ESCC in East Africa. These findings provide further evidence for the role of this potentially modifiable risk factor in ESCC aetiology.
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