ArticlePLoS pathogens2018
Apolipoprotein E is an HIV-1-inducible inhibitor of viral production and infectivity in macrophages.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- M-Sec promotes the production of infectious HIV-1 virus through the exocyst complex in macrophages.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Liposomal-Cannabidiol Nanoformulation to Suppress HIV Replication and Reduce Oxidative Stress in Infected Microglia.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2025Article
- Apolipoprotein E selectively supports gammaherpesvirus replication in macrophages.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Recruitment of apolipoprotein E facilitates Herpes simplex virus 1 attachment and release.Npj viruses · 2025Article
- M-Sec promotes the accumulation of intracellular HTLV-1 Gag puncta and the incorporation of Env into viral particles.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Effects of West Nile virus on behavioral and cognitive performance, cortical Aβ pathology, viral loads, and immune measures of middle-aged NL-G-F/E3 and NL-G-F/E4 mice.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Article
- Mechanistic Insights and Emerging Therapeutic Targets of Alzheimer's Disease: From the Perspective of Inter-Organ Crosstalk.Aging and disease · 2024Review
- Vaccines and Dementia: Part II. Efficacy of BCG and Other Vaccines Against Dementia.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2024Review
- Effects of COVID-19 virus-like particles on the behavioral and cognitive performance of human apolipoprotein E targeted replacement mice.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Establishment of a consensus protocol to explore the brain pathobiome in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: Research outline and call for collaboration.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2023Review
- Apolipoprotein E and viral infection: Risks and Mechanisms.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2023Review
- Apolipoprotein E deficiency potentiates macrophage againstFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Apolipoprotein E mediates cell resistance to influenza virus infection.Science advances · 2022Article
- Article
- CAGE-seq reveals that HIV-1 latent infection does not trigger unique cellular responses in a Jurkat T cell model.Journal of virology · 2021Article
- Establishment of bone marrow-derived M-CSF receptor-dependent self-renewing macrophages.Cell death discovery · 2020Article
- Human apolipoprotein E promotes hepatitis B virus infection and production.PLoS pathogens · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) belongs to a class of cellular proteins involved in lipid metabolism. ApoE is a polymorphic protein produced primarily in macrophages and astrocytes. Different isoforms of ApoE have been associated with susceptibility to various diseases including Alzheimer's and cardiovascular diseases. ApoE expression has also been found to affect susceptibility to several viral diseases, including Hepatitis C and E, but its effect on the life cycle of HIV-1 remains obscure. In this study, we initially found that HIV-1 infection selectively up-regulated ApoE in human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). Interestingly, ApoE knockdown in MDMs enhanced the production and infectivity of HIV-1, and was associated with increased localization of viral envelope (Env) proteins to the cell surface. Consistent with this, ApoE over-expression in 293T cells suppressed Env expression and viral infectivity, which was also observed with HIV-2 Env, but not with VSV-G Env. Mechanistic studies revealed that the C-terminal region of ApoE was required for its inhibitory effect on HIV-1 Env expression. Moreover, we found that ApoE and Env co-localized in the cells, and ApoE associated with gp160, the precursor form of Env, and that the suppression of Env expression by ApoE was cancelled by the treatment with lysosomal inhibitors. Overall, our study revealed that ApoE is an HIV-1-inducible inhibitor of viral production and infectivity in macrophages that exerts its anti-HIV-1 activity through association with gp160 Env via the C-terminal region, which results in subsequent degradation of gp160 Env in the lysosomes.
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