ArticleAmerican journal of public health2019
Quantifying the Adequacy of Opioid Analgesic Consumption Globally: An Updated Method and Early Findings.
Article in American journal of public health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- Pain-related presentations to a general pediatric outpatient clinic and physicians' approaches.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Income-Based Disparities in Opioid Prescription Dispensing Among Public Drug Plan Beneficiaries in Canada from 2010 to 2018: A Population-Based and Sex-Stratified Retrospective Study.Drugs - real world outcomes · 2025Article
- Opioid use in Latin America: a vital challenge for health systems.Journal of global health · 2025Article
- Distributed Opioids in Morphine Equivalent: A Global Measure of Availability for Palliative Care.Journal of pain and symptom management · 2025Article
- Opioid use in Latin America: Chronicle of a death foretold?Journal of global health · 2024Article
- Global trends in opioid use for pain management in acute pancreatitis: A multicentre prospective observational study.United European gastroenterology journal · 2024Observational
- Analgesic Use of Virtual Reality for Burn Dressing Changes in Low- and Middle-income Countries: A Feasibility Study.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2024Article
- Comprehensive scoping review of palliative care development in Africa: recent advances and persistent gaps.Frontiers in health services · 2024Review
- Achieving Surgical, Obstetric, Trauma, and Anesthesia (SOTA) care for all in South Asia.Frontiers in public health · 2024Review
- 'There is no such word as palliative care for us at the moment': A mixed-method study exploring the perceptions of healthcare professionals on the need for palliative care in Bhutan.Palliative care and social practice · 2024Article
- Association of globalization with the burden of opioid use disorders 2019. A country-level analysis using targeted maximum likelihood estimation.Globalization and health · 2023Article
- Palliative care in the Eastern Mediterranean: comparative analysis using specific indicators.BMC palliative care · 2022Article
- Chronic Pain and Opioid Prescribing: Three Ways for Navigating Complexity at the Clinical‒Population Health Interface.American journal of public health · 2022Article
- Global, regional, and national consumption of controlled opioids: a cross-sectional study of 214 countries and non-metropolitan territories.British journal of pain · 2022Article
- Misinterpretation of the "Overdose Crisis" Continues to Fuel Misunderstanding of the Role of Prescription Opioids.Journal of pain research · 2022Article
- Global consumption of prescription opioid analgesics between 2009-2019: a country-level observational study.EClinicalMedicine · 2021Article
- Availability of Internationally Controlled Essential Medicines in the COVID-19 Pandemic.Journal of pain and symptom management · 2020Article
- Repeated Administration of Clinical Doses of Tramadol and Tapentadol Causes Hepato- and Nephrotoxic Effects in Wistar Rats.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Health system strengthening is needed to respond to the burden of pain in low- and middle-income countries and to support healthy ageing.Journal of global health · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Opioid analgesics are the mainstay for treatment of moderate and severe pain but, in many countries, the consumption of these medicines is inadequate. Over time, various groups have published opioid analgesic metrics, including authors from the World Health Organization. They linked consumption to a level considered adequate based on the actual consumption in developed countries. In this study, we present our current results on the adequacy of opioid analgesic consumption. We included statistics for 18 controlled opioid medicines that are primarily used as analgesics, and we developed the Adequacy of Opioid Consumption (AOC) Index. The average of the 20 most developed countries for 2015 is set as equal to an AOC Index of 100. An AOC Index of 100 or higher is considered adequate consumption. The average opioid analgesic consumption of the top-20 countries of the Human Development Index increased from 84 morphine milligram equivalents per capita (2000) to 256 morphine milligram equivalents per capita (2015). The extremes we found for 2015 were Germany (AOC Index: 304) and Nigeria (AOC Index: 0.0069). These extremes differ by 44 000 times. Adequacy of opioid analgesic consumption continues to be problematic around the world.
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