ReviewEuropean journal of clinical nutrition2019
Health and sustainability outcomes of vegetarian dietary patterns: a revisit of the EPIC-Oxford and the Adventist Health Study-2 cohorts.
Review in European journal of clinical nutrition, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 61 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 138 citations in OpenAlex.
- Associations of daily diet-related greenhouse gas emissions with the incidence and mortality of chronic diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies.Epidemiology and health · 2023Pooled it
- Consumers' Attitudes towards Animal Suffering: A Systematic Review on Awareness, Willingness and Dietary Change.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- The Chemical Composition and Health-Promoting Effects of theNutrients · 2021Pooled it
- The Role of Diet, Alcohol, BMI, and Physical Activity in Cancer Mortality: Summary Findings of the EPIC Study.Nutrients · 2021Pooled it
- Consumer Attitudes Towards Environmental Concerns of Meat Consumption: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Pooled it
- Sustainable diets reduce diet-related greenhouse gas emissions and improve diet quality: results from the MyPlanetDiet randomized controlled trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Trial
- A 2 year retrospective study of vegan patients and their pregnancy outcomes in a tertiary level Irish hospital.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2026Article
- Data-Driven Discovery of Plant-Based Dietary Subtypes and Their Association With Cancer, Cardiovascular Diseases, and Type 2 Diabetes in Postmenopausal Women: Insights From the Women's Health Initiative.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2026Observational
- Differences in plant- and animal-based protein sources consumed across socioeconomic groups in The Netherlands and their associated environmental impact.European journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Let Them Eat Plants! Two Arguments for Raising Children on a (Predominantly) Plant-Based Diet.Res publica (Liverpool, England) · 2026Article
- Diets for Dual Cardiovascular and Planetary Health: A Scoping Review.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2025Article
- Nutritional Interventions for Enhancing Sleep Quality: The Role of Diet and Key Nutrients in Regulating Sleep Patterns and Disorders.Food science & nutrition · 2025Review
- Planetary Health Diet and Risk of Cardiometabolic Diseases Among Women With Gestational Diabetes.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Not All Plants Are Equal: Diet Quality and Inflammation in Vegans and Vegetarians in Urban Poland.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Healthy dietary pattern and accelerated biological aging in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women: among different BMI statuses.European journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- Limited risks of nutrient deficiency and significant modelled health benefits of adherence to a moderate plant-based diet in French adults.European journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- Energy and Macronutrient Dietary Intakes of Vegetarian and Semi-Vegetarian Serbian Adults: Data from the EFSA EU Menu Food Consumption Survey (2017-2022).Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Ego depletion and its role regarding the attitudes and behavior toward sustainable food consumption.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Nutrient adequacy and environmental foot-print of Mediterranean, pesco-, ovo-lacto-, and vegan menus: a modelling study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- A multi-center, prospective, single-arm, open label, 13-month intervention study of a plant-based, high energy and protein enteral tube feed in home enterally tube fed patients.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Knowledge in the role of plant-based diets on health had been shaped in part by cohort studies on vegetarians. We revisited publications from two ongoing longitudinal studies comprising large proportions of vegetarians-the Adventist Health Study-2 (AHS-2) and the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Oxford (EPIC-Oxford)-to describe the food and nutrient intake, health effects, and environmental sustainability outcomes of the dietary patterns identified in these studies. The vegetarian diet groups in both cohorts have essentially no meat intake, lower intake of fish and coffee, and higher intakes of vegetables and fruits compared to their non-vegetarian counterparts. In the AHS-2 cohort, vegetarians have higher intake of whole grains, legumes, nuts, and seeds. Vegans in AHS-2 have 16% reduced risk while vegans, vegetarians, and fish-eaters in EPIC-Oxford have 11-19% lower risk for all cancers compared to non-vegetarians. Pesco-vegetarians in the AHS-2 cohort had significantly lower mortality risk from all causes and ischemic heart disease while EPIC-Oxford fish-eaters had significantly lower all-cancers mortality risk than their non-vegetarians counterparts. Morbidity risks and prevalence rates for other chronic diseases were differentially reported in the two cohorts but vegetarians have lower risk than non-vegetarians. Greenhouse gas emissions of equicaloric diets are 29% less in vegetarian diet in AHS-2 and 47-60% less for vegetarian/vegan diets in EPIC-Oxford than non-vegetarian/meat-eating diets. The beneficial health outcomes and reduced carbon footprints make the case for adoption of vegetarian diets to address global food supply and environmental sustainability.
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Registered trials
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