ArticleMolecular microbiology2019
Oxygen-dependent regulation of SPI1 type three secretion system by small RNAs in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.
Article in Molecular microbiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Structure and function of Salmonella inner membrane.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- EnterohemorrhagiciScience · 2026Article
- Bacterial chromatin remodeling associated with transcription-induced domains at pathogenicity Islands.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Medium dependent factors govern the functionality of engineered type III secretion systems.Journal of biological engineering · 2025Article
- Article
- TheJournal of bacteriology · 2025Article
- Advances in sRNA-mediated regulation ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- OFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- ThebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Function and mechanism of action of the small regulatory RNA ArcZ inRNA (New York, N.Y.) · 2024Review
- Persistent Salmonella infections in humans are associated with mutations in the BarA/SirA regulatory pathway.Cell host & microbe · 2024Article
- Small RNAs Activate Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 1 by Modulating mRNA Stability through theJournal of bacteriology · 2023Article
- STAT3 and SPI1, may lead to the immune system dysregulation and heterotopic ossification in ankylosing spondylitis.BMC immunology · 2022Article
- The Small RNA MicC DownregulatesJournal of bacteriology · 2022Article
- Harmine, an inhibitor of the type III secretion system ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- Salmonella Genomics in Public Health and Food Safety.EcoSal Plus · 2021Article
- An incoherent feedforward loop formed by SirA/BarA, HilE and HilD is involved in controlling the growth cost of virulence factor expression by Salmonella Typhimurium.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- A diffusible signal factor of the intestine dictates Salmonella invasion through its direct control of the virulence activator HilD.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- Envelope Stress and Regulation of theJournal of bacteriology · 2020Article
- HilD, HilC, and RtsA Form Homodimers and Heterodimers To Regulate Expression of theJournal of bacteriology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Salmonella Typhimurium induces inflammatory diarrhea and uptake into intestinal epithelial cells using the Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI1) type III secretion system (T3SS). Three AraC-like regulators, HilD, HilC and RtsA, form a feed-forward regulatory loop that activates transcription of hilA, encoding the activator of the T3SS structural genes. Many environmental signals and regulatory systems are integrated into this circuit to precisely regulate SPI1 expression. A subset of these regulatory factors affects translation of hilD, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we identified two sRNAs, FnrS and ArcZ, which repress hilD translation, leading to decreased production of HilA. FnrS and ArcZ are oppositely regulated in response to oxygen, one of the key environmental signals affecting expression of SPI1. Mutational analysis demonstrates that FnrS and ArcZ bind to the hilD mRNA 5' UTR, resulting in translational repression. Deletion of fnrS led to increased HilD production under low-aeration conditions, whereas deletion of arcZ abolished the regulatory effect on hilD translation aerobically. The fnrS arcZ double mutant has phenotypes in a mouse oral infection model consistent with increased expression of SPI1. Together, these results suggest that coordinated regulation by these two sRNAs maximizes HilD production at an intermediate level of oxygen.
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