ArticleJournal of anatomy2019
Comparative multi-scale hierarchical structure of the tail, plantaris, and Achilles tendons in the rat.
Article in Journal of anatomy, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Expansion Microscopy reveals changes in cellular and extracellular structures between healthy and perturbed tendons.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- The impact of type 2 diabetes on tendon material properties and locomotor function in the db/db mouse.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- Fibre orientations in collagen-containing tissues revealed with computational scattered light imaging and polarimetric second harmonic generation microscopy.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Stem cell approaches for tendon repair: delusion or insight.The Journal of physiology · 2025Review
- Fascicular Elastin Impacts Tendon-Specific Ramp-to-Failure and Fatigue Mechanics.Journal of biomechanical engineering · 2025Article
- Shear wave propagation as a noninvasive metric of loading and microdamage in tendon fascicles.Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials · 2025Article
- Role of the tendon circadian clock in tendinopathy and implications for therapeutics.International journal of experimental pathology · 2025Review
- Understanding the impact of Achilles lipid content on tendon mechanical parameters: a cross-sectional study of people with familial hypercholesterolemia and healthy controls.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Article
- A latent Axin2NPJ Regenerative medicine · 2024Article
- Repair of tendons treated with peracetic acid-ethanol and gamma irradiation by EDC combined with NHS: a morphological, biochemical and biomechanical study in vitro.Cell and tissue banking · 2024Article
- Article
- The Use of Extracellular Vesicles in Achilles Tendon Repair: A Systematic Review.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- The Interfascicular Matrix of Energy Storing Tendons Houses Heterogenous Cell Populations Disproportionately Affected by Aging.Aging and disease · 2024Article
- Murine Hind Limb Explant Model for Studying the Mechanobiology of Achilles Tendon Impingement.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2023Article
- Spatial gene expression in the adult rat patellar tendon.Matrix biology plus · 2023Article
- Preclinical tendon and ligament models: Beyond the 3Rs (replacement, reduction, and refinement) to 5W1H (why, who, what, where, when, how).Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society · 2023Review
- Overload in a Rat In Vivo Model of Synergist Ablation Induces Tendon Multiscale Structural and Functional Degeneration.Journal of biomechanical engineering · 2023Article
- Azimuth mapping of fibrous tissue in linear dichroism-sensitive photoacoustic microscopy.Photoacoustics · 2023Article
- Mouse Achilles tendons exhibit collagen disorganization but minimal collagen denaturation during cyclic loading to failure.Journal of biomechanics · 2023Article
- Stress deprivation of tendon explants or Tpm3.1 inhibition in tendon cells reduces F-actin to promote a tendinosis-like phenotype.Molecular biology of the cell · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Rodent tendons are widely used to study human pathologies such as tendinopathy and repair, and to address fundamental physiological questions about development, growth, and remodeling. However, how the gross morphology and multi-scale hierarchical structure of rat tendons, such as the tail, plantaris, and Achilles tendons, compare with that of human tendons are unknown. In addition, there remains disagreement about terminology and definitions. Specifically, the definitions of fascicle and fiber are often dependent on diameter sizes, not their characteristic features, and these definitions impair the ability to compare hierarchical structure across species, where the sizes of the fiber and fascicle may change with animal size and tendon function. Thus, the objective of the study was to select a single species that is commonly used for tendon research (rat) and tendons with varying mechanical functions (tail, plantaris, Achilles) to evaluate the hierarchical structure at multiple length scales using histology, SEM, and confocal imaging. With the exception of the specialized rat tail tendon, we confirmed that in rat tendons there are no fascicles and the fiber is the largest subunit. In addition, we provided a structurally based definition of a fiber as a bundle of collagen fibrils that is surrounded by elongated cells, and this definition was supported by both histologically processed and unprocessed samples. In all rat tendons studied, the fiber diameters were consistently between 10 and 50 μm, and this diameter range appears to be conserved across larger species. Specific recommendations were made highlighting the strengths and limitations of each rat tendon as a research model. Understanding the hierarchical structure of tendon can advance the design and interpretation of experiments and development of tissue-engineered constructs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.