ArticleCancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII2019
Tumor-infiltrating immune cell subpopulations and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression associated with clinicopathological and prognostic parameters in ependymoma.
Article in Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ultrasound-Enhanced Drug Delivery in Pediatric Neuro-Oncology: A New Therapeutic Strategy.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- B7-H3 CAR T Cells Are Effective against Ependymomas but Limited by Tumor Size and Immune Response.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2025Article
- Gut-Brain-Microbiome Axis in the Regulation of Cancer Immune Escape and Immunotherapy in Tumors.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Review
- Chemotherapy in pediatric brain tumor and the challenge of the blood-brain barrier.Cancer medicine · 2023Review
- Prognostic significance of programmed cell death-ligand 1 expression on immune cells and epithelial-mesenchymal transition expression in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.Annals of surgical treatment and research · 2023Article
- Characterizing the tumor immune microenvironment of ependymomas using targeted gene expression profiles and RNA sequencing.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2023Article
- A clinicopathological analysis of supratentorial ependymoma, ZFTA fusion-positive: utility of immunohistochemical detection of CDKN2A alterations and characteristics of the immune microenvironment.Brain tumor pathology · 2023Article
- The Role of Immunotherapy in the Treatment of Rare Central Nervous System Tumors.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2023Review
- Reprogramming tumor-associated macrophages as a unique approach to target tumor immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Investigation of white blood cell characteristics in cerebrospinal fluid samples at pediatric brain tumor diagnosis.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2022Article
- The Novel Tumor Microenvironment-Related Prognostic Gene AIF1 May Influence Immune Infiltrates and is Correlated with TIGIT in Esophageal Cancer.Annals of surgical oncology · 2022Article
- The biology of ependymomas and emerging novel therapies.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2022Review
- CXCL12, a potential modulator of tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) of bladder cancer: From a comprehensive analysis of TCGA database.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
- A Toolkit for Profiling the Immune Landscape of Pediatric Central Nervous System Malignancies.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Multifaceted microglia - key players in primary brain tumour heterogeneity.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2021Review
- Combination of Immunotherapy and Radiotherapy for Recurrent Malignant Gliomas: Results From a Prospective Study.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Article
- Targeting Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Anti-Cancer Therapies: Convincing the Traitors to Do the Right Thing.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Review
- The Clinicopathological and Prognostic Value of PD-L1 Expression in Cholangiocarcinoma: A Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2019Article
- The immunopeptidomic landscape of ependymomas provides actionable antigens for T-cell-based immunotherapy.Neuro-oncology advancesArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Ependymomas are biologically and clinically heterogeneous tumors of the central nervous system that have variable clinical outcomes. The status of the tumor immune microenvironment in ependymoma remains unclear. Immune cell subsets and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression were measured in 178 classical ependymoma cases by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies that recognized tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte subsets (TILs; CD3, CD4, CD8, FOXP3, and CD20), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs; CD68, CD163, AIF1), indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO)+ cells and PD-L1-expressing tumor cells. Increases in CD3+ and CD8+ cell numbers were associated with a prolonged PFS. In contrast, increased numbers of FOXP3+ and CD68+ cells and a ratio of CD163/AIF1+ cells were significantly associated with a shorter PFS. An increase in the IDO+ cell number was associated with a significantly longer PFS. To consider the quantities of TILs, TAMs, and IDO+ cells together, the cases were clustered into 2 immune cell subgroups using a k-means clustering analysis. Immune cell subgroup A, which was defined by high CD3+, low CD68+ and high IDO+ cell counts, predicted a favorable PFS compared to subgroup B by univariate and multivariate analyses. We found six ependymoma cases expressing PD-L1. All these cases were supratentorial ependymoma, RELA fusion-positive (ST-RELA). PD-L1 expression showed no prognostic significance. This study showed that the analysis of tumor-infiltrating immune cells could aid in predicting the prognosis of ependymoma patients and in determining therapeutic strategies to target the tumor microenvironment. PD-L1 expression in the ST-RELA subgroup suggests that this marker has a potential added value for future immunotherapy treatments.
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