ReviewFrontiers in cellular neuroscience2018
Immune Dysfunction and Autoimmunity as Pathological Mechanisms in Autism Spectrum Disorders.
Review in Frontiers in cellular neuroscience, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 124 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
124 citing papers in PubMed, 243 citations in OpenAlex.
- Increased inflammatory cytokines in the temporal cortex in autism spectrum disorder.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Long-Term Risk of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Population-Based Matched Cohort Study.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2026Article
- Review
- A Developmental Neuroimmune Cascade Model of Autism Spectrum Disorder.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Differential brain neuroimmune profiles and altered immune balance in autism spectrum disorder compared with psychotic disorder and neurotypical controls.Research square · 2026Article
- Integrated proteomic and single-cell transcriptomic profiling elucidates immunomodulatory effects of L-serine in autism spectrum disorder.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Altered phenotype and gene expression of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in children with Autism, and the relationship with comorbid gastrointestinal symptoms.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Changes in peripheral immune cell phenotypes and their roles in autism: insights from clinical and animal model studies.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- Neuroinflammation and autism: what have we learned so far?International journal of developmental disabilities · 2026Article
- The Neuroimmunology of Autism.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Altered Phenotype and Gene Expression of Regulatory T cells (Tregs) in Children with Autism, and the Relationship with Comorbid Gastrointestinal Symptoms.Research square · 2025Article
- Genetic and Pathogenic Overlaps Between Autism Spectrum Disorder and Alzheimer's Disease: Evolutionary Features and Opportunities for Drug Repurposing.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Autism Spectrum Disorder: What Do We Know and Where Do We Go?Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Neurodevelopmental Impact of Maternal Immune Activation and Autoimmune Disorders, Environmental Toxicants and Folate Metabolism on Autism Spectrum Disorder.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- The role of maternal infections in neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders: focus on the P2X7/NLRP3/IL-1β signalling pathway.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Review
- NDD-ECHO: A standardised digital assessment tool to capture early life environmental and inflammatory factors for children with neurodevelopmental disorders.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- Review
- Health service utilization among autistic youth in Aotearoa New Zealand: A nationwide cross-sectional study.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2025Article
- Impaired macroautophagy confers substantial risk for intellectual disability in children with autism spectrum disorders.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- Imbalanced nutrition and increased dietary inflammatory index in children with autism spectrum disorder: associations with neurodevelopmental disorders.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
64 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a group of heterogeneous neurological disorders that are highly variable and are clinically characterized by deficits in social interactions, communication, and stereotypical behaviors. Prevalence has risen from 1 in 10,000 in 1972 to 1 in 59 children in the United States in 2014. This rise in prevalence could be due in part to better diagnoses and awareness, however, these together cannot solely account for such a significant rise. While causative connections have not been proven in the majority of cases, many current studies focus on the combined effects of genetics and environment. Strikingly, a distinct picture of immune dysfunction has emerged and been supported by many independent studies over the past decade. Many players in the immune-ASD puzzle may be mechanistically contributing to pathogenesis of these disorders, including skewed cytokine responses, differences in total numbers and frequencies of immune cells and their subsets, neuroinflammation, and adaptive and innate immune dysfunction, as well as altered levels of immunoglobulin and the presence of autoantibodies which have been found in a substantial number of individuals with ASD. This review summarizes the latest research linking ASD, autoimmunity and immune dysfunction, and discusses evidence of a potential autoimmune component of ASD.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.