Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30482248›Full record

ReviewJournal for immunotherapy of cancer2018

Soluble immune checkpoints in cancer: production, function and biological significance.

Daqian Gu, Xiang Ao, Yu Yang, Zhuo Chen, Xiang Xu

2 registry-linked trialsAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Journal for immunotherapy of cancer, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 173 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
173citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05460702 completednot on this mapstarted 2022, after this paper: background citation

Evaluation of the Relationship Between Stage I-II Breast Cancer Subtypes and Soluble Immune Checkpoints

Typeobservational_patient_registrySponsorIstanbul Training and Research HospitalRan2022 to 2022Enrolled60ConditionsBreast CancerArmsSoluble immune checkpoints
NCT05519397 completednot on this mapstarted 2022, after this paper: background citation

Evaluation of the Role of Immune Checkpoints in Response to Breast Cancer Neoadjuvant

TypeobservationalSponsorIstanbul Training and Research HospitalRan2022 to 2022Enrolled56ConditionsBreast CancerArmsImmune checkpoint measurement
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

173 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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113 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Daqian GuDepartment of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China.
Xiang AoDepartment of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China.
Yu YangDepartment of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China.
Zhuo ChenDepartment of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China.
Xiang XuDepartment of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China. xiangxu@tmmu.edu.cn.ORCID 0000-0002-1026-2210

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Immune checkpoints play important roles in immune regulation, and blocking immune checkpoints on the cell membrane is a promising strategy in the treatment of cancer. Based on this, monoclonal antibodies are having much rapid development, such as those against CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4) and PD-1 (programmed cell death protein 1).But the cost of preparation of monoclonal antibodies is too high and the therapeutic effect is still under restrictions. Recently, a series of soluble immune checkpoints have been found such as sCTLA-4 (soluble CTLA-4) and sPD-1 (soluble PD-1). They are functional parts of membrane immune checkpoints produced in different ways and can be secreted by immune cells. Moreover, these soluble checkpoints can diffuse in the serum. Much evidence has demonstrated that these soluble checkpoints are involved in positive or negative immune regulation and that changes in their plasma levels affect the development, prognosis and treatment of cancer. Since they are endogenous molecules, they will not induce immunological rejection in human beings, which might make up for the deficiencies of monoclonal antibodies and enhance the utility value of these molecules. Therefore, there is an increasing need for investigating novel soluble checkpoints and their functions, and it is promising to develop relevant therapies in the future. In this review, we describe the production mechanisms and functions of various soluble immune checkpoint receptors and ligands and discuss their biological significance in regard to biomarkers, potential candidate drugs, therapeutic targets, and other topics.

Indexed as

Biomarkers, TumorImmunomodulationAnimalsAntigen-Presenting CellsHumansNeoplasmsPrognosisT-LymphocytesBiomarkers, TumorCancerImmune checkpointsImmunotherapySoluble receptors and ligandsT cells

Identifiers

PMID30482248
PMCPMC6260693

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.