ArticleHeliyon2018
Access to improved water and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa in a quarter century.
Article in Heliyon, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 79 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
79 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 232 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diarrhea as a Disease of Poverty Among Under-Five Children in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Cross-Sectional Study.Inquiry : a journal of medical care organization, provision and financingPooled it
- Achieving equitable uptake of handwashing and sanitation by addressing both supply and demand-based constraints: findings from a randomized controlled trial in rural Bangladesh.International journal for equity in health · 2021Trial
- Governance, structure, and access: a Bayesian hierarchical analysis of water, sanitation, and hygiene in South Asia.Globalization and health · 2026Article
- Geospatial analysis and prevalence estimation of household drinking water treatment in sub-Saharan African countries: insights from recent demographic and health surveys.The Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association · 2026Article
- Nature vs. nurture: parental care cushions agricultural drought impacts on child health in South Africa.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Access to and use of improved water and sanitation facilities in Sub-Saharan Africa: Analysis of Demographic and Health Survey Data from 30 countries.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Exploring Water Storage Practices and Determinants for Sustainable Water Supply in Tropical Environments: Advancing SDG 6 Implementation.Environmental health insights · 2026Article
- Article
- Machine learning-based prediction of household sanitation facility access in Sub-Saharan Africa: insights from DHS data (2012-2024).Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2025Article
- Determinants of households' access to improved drinking water sources in Somalia: insights from the Somali Integrated Household Budget Survey (SIHBS) 2022.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Determinants and geographic distribution of unimproved sanitation facilities in sub-Saharan Africa, spatial and multilevel analysis using demographic and health survey (DHS) data.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Impact of women's political empowerment through gender quotas on improved drinking water access in Africa.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Environmental risk factors associated with community diarrheal disease in Ethiopia.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Prevalence and factors associated with water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) facilities deprivation among children in Nigeria.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- [Universalization of water supply in rural areas: the entry of Marechal Cândido Rondon, Paraná State, Brazil, into the agenda].Cadernos de saude publica · 2025Article
- Modeling solutions for microbial water contamination in the global south for public health protection.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Article
- Achieving universal sanitation in Ghana: An analysis of key drivers of toilet ownership among property owners in Urban areas.PloS one · 2025Article
- Power and interest levels in safely managed sanitation services in Zambia: A stakeholder mapping.PloS one · 2025Article
19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The realization of the scale, magnitude, and complexity of the water and sanitation problem at the global level has compelled international agencies and national governments to increase their resolve to face the challenge. There is extensive evidence on the independent effects of urbanicity (rural-urban environment) and wealth status on access to water and sanitation services in sub-Saharan Africa. However, our understanding of the joint effect of urbanicity and wealth on access to water and sanitation services across spatio-temporal scales is nascent. In this study, a pooled regression analysis of the compositional and contextual factors that systematically vary with access to water and sanitation services over a 25-year time period in fifteen countries across sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) was carried out. On the whole, substantial improvements have been made in providing access to improved water sources in SSA from 1990 to 2015 unlike access to sanitation facilities over the same period. Households were 28.2 percent and 125.2 percent more likely to have access to improved water sources in 2000-2005 and 2010-2015 respectively, than in 1990-1995. Urban rich households were 329 percent more likely to have access to improved water sources compared with the urban poor. Although access to improved sanitation facilities increased from 69 percent in 1990-1995 and 74 percent in 2000-2005 it declined significantly to 53 percent in 2010-2015. Urban rich households were 227 percent more likely to have access to improved sanitation facilities compared with urban poor households. These results were mediated and attenuated by biosocial, socio-cultural and contextual factors and underscore the fact that the challenge of access to water and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa is not merely scientific and technical but interwoven with environment, culture, economics and human behaviour necessitating the need for interdisciplinary research and policy interventions.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.