ArticleDiabetology & metabolic syndrome2018
Population attributable fractions for Type 2 diabetes: an examination of multiple risk factors including symptoms of depression and anxiety.
Article in Diabetology & metabolic syndrome, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- The prevalence and related factors of metabolic syndrome in outpatients with first-episode drug-naive major depression comorbid with anxiety.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Association of a multiple risk factor assessment and intervention program with risk of diabetes: A population-based matched cohort study.PLoS medicine · 2026Article
- Amomum tsao-ko crevost et lemaire ameliorates depression-like behaviors and hippocampal inflammation by inhibiting microglia activation and HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB pathway in diabetic mice with depression.Metabolic brain disease · 2025Article
- Intermittent hypoxia exacerbates anxiety in high-fat diet-induced diabetic mice by inhibiting TREM2-regulated IFNAR1 signaling.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- Psychiatric disorders comorbid with general medical illnesses and functional somatic disorders: The Lifelines cohort study.PloS one · 2023Article
- Article
- Risk and population attributable fraction of metabolic syndrome and impaired fasting glucose for the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus among middle-aged Japanese individuals: Aichi Worker's Cohort Study.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2020Article
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Abstract
backgroundPopulation attributable fractions (PAFs) are frequently used to quantify the proportion of Type 2 diabetes cases due to single risk factors, an approach which may result in an overestimation of their individual contributions. This study aimed to examine Type 2 diabetes incidence associated with multiple risk factor combinations, including the metabolic syndrome, behavioural factors, and specifically, depression and anxiety.
methodsUsing data from the population-based HUNT cohort, we examined incident diabetes in 36,161 Norwegian adults from 1995 to 2008. PAFs were calculated using Miettinen's case-based formula, using relative risks estimated from multivariate regression models.
resultsOverall, the studied risk factors accounted for 50.5% of new diabetes cases (78.2% in men and 47.0% in women). Individuals exposed to both behavioural and metabolic factors were at highest risk of diabetes onset (PAF = 22.9%). Baseline anxiety and depression contributed a further 13.6% of new cases to this combination. Men appeared to be particularly vulnerable to the interaction between metabolic, behavioural and psychological risk factors.
conclusionThis study highlights the importance of risk factor clustering in diabetes onset, and is the first that we know of to quantify the excess fraction of incident diabetes associated with psychological risk factor interactions.
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