ReviewNature reviews. Immunology2019
Models of immune selection for multi-locus antigenic diversity of pathogens.
Review in Nature reviews. Immunology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Novelty Search Promotes Antigenic Diversity in Microbial Pathogens.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Discrete stochastic models of SELEX: Aptamer capture probabilities and protocol optimization.The Journal of chemical physics · 2022Article
- Immunogenic cell stress and death.Nature immunology · 2022Review
- Maximum antigen diversification in a lyme bacterial population and evolutionary strategies to overcome pathogen diversity.The ISME journal · 2022Article
- The adaptation of SARS-CoV-2 to humans.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2022Article
- Tapping the immunological imprints to design chimeric SARS-CoV-2 vaccine for elderly population.International reviews of immunology · 2022Review
- Of variants and vaccines.Cell · 2021Article
- An antigenic diversification threshold for falciparum malaria transmission at high endemicity.PLoS computational biology · 2021Article
- An enlightening role for cytokine storm in coronavirus infection.Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) · 2021Review
- Infections of the lung: a predictive, preventive and personalized perspective through the lens of evolution, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and its pathogenesis.The EPMA journal · 2020Review
- Article
- Experimental EvolutionmSystems · 2020Article
- A Mathematical Framework for Predicting Lifestyles of Viral Pathogens.Bulletin of mathematical biology · 2020Article
- Article
- Inter- Versus Intra-Host Sequence Diversity of pH1N1 and Associated Clinical Outcomes.Microorganisms · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
It is well accepted that pathogens can evade recognition and elimination by the host immune system by varying their antigenic targets. Thus, it has become a truism that host immunity is a major driver and determinant of the antigenic diversity of pathogens. However, it remains puzzling how host immunity selects for antigenic diversity at the level of the pathogen population, given that hosts have acquired immune responses to multiple antigens of most pathogens - sometimes through multiple effectors of both humoral and cellular immunity. In this Opinion article, we address this puzzle and the related question of why pathogens often have diversity at multiple antigenic loci. Here, we describe five hypotheses to explain the polymorphism of multiple antigens in a single pathogen species and highlight research relevant to our current models of thinking about multi-locus antigenic diversity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.