ReviewClinical chemistry2019
Differences between Men and Women in Mortality and the Health Dimensions of the Morbidity Process.
Review in Clinical chemistry, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 178 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
178 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in Parkinson's Disease: A Meta-Analysis.Neuroepidemiology · 2026Pooled it
- Sex differences in pharmacological interventions and their effects on lifespan and healthspan outcomes: a systematic review.Frontiers in aging · 2023Pooled it
- Boys and girls differ in their rationale behind eating: a systematic review of intrinsic and extrinsic motivations in dietary habits across countries.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Pooled it
- Cardiovascular and glucose-lowering medication use among older adults: results from 9-year follow-up of the FINGER trial.European geriatric medicine · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Unstable hours, unequal health: Gendered occupational health costs of work-hour volatility in the U.S.SSM - population health · 2026Article
- Individual and community-level associations of social determinants with pituitary adenoma disparities in the US.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2026Article
- Periodontitis and all-cause mortality in 60- and 66-year-old individuals: a 23-year prospective cohort study.Acta odontologica Scandinavica · 2026Article
- Paradigm Shift of Microbiota-gut-brain Axis During Aging: Potential Role of Probiotics to Improve Cognitive Decline.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- Effect of Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases Multimorbidity on Functional Disability in Older Adults in Ireland: Evidence From the 2019 Irish Health Survey.Chronic diseases and translational medicine · 2026Article
- Musculoskeletal degeneration and cardiovascular aging: a narrative review of shared mechanobiological pathways.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Relative Leukocyte Telomere Length Is Associated with Multimorbidity Burden in Older Adults: Evidence for Sex-Specific Associations.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Is morbidity compressing or expanding? Cross-national trends in midlife multimorbidity across cohorts.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Integration of lung function in allostatic load scoring and its impact on mortality prediction.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Dementia and all-cause mortality in older adults: Findings from the ELSI-Brazil study.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Sex differences in major postoperative morbidity after elective abdominal surgery: independent of chronological age, frailty, and muscle strength in adjusted analysis.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2026Article
- Determinants of male global health and quality of life in Switzerland: a cross-sectional study using a gender-diverse approach.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Examining morbidity and mortality trajectory profiles of hypertension, diabetes and dementia across healthcare systems: an analysis of Catalan and German administrative medical data for the years 2010 to 2019.Population health metrics · 2026Article
- Determinants of male healthcare utilization in Switzerland: does gender identity and migration background matter?BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Workplace Sexual Harassment and the Risk of Chronic Disease in a Prospective Cohort Study.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
118 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDo men have worse health than women? This question is addressed by examining sex differences in mortality and the health dimensions of the morbidity process that characterize health change with age. We also discuss health differences across historical time and between countries. CONTENT: Results from national-level surveys and data systems are used to identify male/female differences in mortality rates, prevalence of diseases, physical functioning, and indicators of physiological status. Male/female differences in health outcomes depend on epidemiological and social circumstances and behaviors, and many are not consistent across historical time and between countries. In all countries, male life expectancy is now lower than female life expectancy, but this was not true in the past. In most countries, women have more problems performing instrumental activities of daily living, and men do better in measured performance of functioning. Men tend to have more cardiovascular diseases; women, more inflammatory-related diseases. Sex differences in major cardiovascular risk factors vary between countries-men tend to have more hypertension; women, more raised lipids. Indicators of physiological dysregulation indicate greater inflammatory activity for women and generally higher cardiovascular risk for men, although women have higher or similar cardiovascular risk in some markers depending on the historical time and country. SUMMARY: In some aspects of health, men do worse; in others, women do worse. The lack of consistency across historical times and between countries in sex differences in health points to the complexity and the substantial challenges in extrapolating future trends in sex differences.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.