ReviewNutrition research reviews2019
A critical review of the role of milk and other dairy products in the development of obesity in children and adolescents.
Review in Nutrition research reviews, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 88 citations in OpenAlex.
- EASO and EFAD Position Statement on Medical Nutrition Therapy for the Management of Overweight and Obesity in Children and Adolescents.Obesity facts · 2023Pooled it
- Whole-Fat or Reduced-Fat Dairy Product Intake, Adiposity, and Cardiometabolic Health in Children: A Systematic Review.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2020Pooled it
- Association of cow's milk intake in early childhood with adiposity and cardiometabolic risk in early adolescence.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Rome IV Functional Constipation in Childhood: Early-Life Factors and Dietary Habits in a Southeast Asian Clinical Setting.Journal of paediatrics and child health · 2026Article
- National Food Consumption Survey (NIPNOD 2018-2023): Results of Dietary Habits and Diet Quality Among Adolescents in Croatia.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The Association Between Consumption of Foods/Food Groups and the Risk of Overweight/Obesity and Metabolically Unhealthy Obesity in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Exploring the Role of Dairy Consumption on the Growth and Development of Canadian Children: Protocol for a Longitudinal Mixed Method Research.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Skim milk hydrolysate (SMH-AP) containing AVPYP and GLPQE ameliorates adipogenic lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells.Nutrition research and practice · 2026Article
- Dairy consumption, motivations, and nutritional status among schoolchildren in northwestern Morocco: socioeconomic factors and place of residence.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Quantity and Quality of Dairy Product Intake and Their Relationship with Body Composition in Children and Adolescents from Mexico City.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Association Between Dietary Protein Sources and Nutrient Intake in the Diet of Canadian Children.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Article
- On-site breakfast provision in early childhood education and care (ECEC) services in Australia: a multi-method investigation.European journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- Characteristics of Food Printing Inks and Their Impact on Selected Product Properties.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Article
- The glass of milk half-empty? Dairy development and nutrition in low and middle income countries.Food policy · 2024Review
- Parental influences on children's dairy products consumption: a narrative review.Public health nutrition · 2023Review
- Plant-Based Milk Alternatives in Child Nutrition.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- The Effect of Human Development Index on Obesity Prevalence at the Global Level: A Spatial Analysis.Iranian journal of public health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Existing reviews suggest that milk and other dairy products do not play a role in the development of obesity in childhood, but they do make an important contribution to children's nutrient intake. It is thus curious that public health advice on the consumption of dairy products for children is often perceived as unclear. The present review aimed to provide an overview of the totality of the evidence on the association between milk and other dairy products, and obesity and indicators of adiposity, in children. Our search identified forty-three cross-sectional studies, thirty-one longitudinal cohort studies and twenty randomised controlled trials. We found that milk and other dairy products are consistently found to be not associated, or inversely associated, with obesity and indicators of adiposity in children. Adjustment for energy intake tended to change inverse associations to neutral. Also, we found little evidence to suggest that the relationship varied by type of milk or dairy product, or age of the children, although there was a dearth of evidence for young children. Only nine of the ninety-four studies found a positive association between milk and other dairy products and body fatness. There may be some plausible mechanisms underlying the effect of milk and other dairy products on adiposity that influence energy and fat balance, possibly through fat absorption, appetite or metabolic activity of gut microbiota. In conclusion, there is little evidence to support a concern to limit the consumption of milk and other dairy products for children on the grounds that they may promote obesity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.