ArticleBMC medicine2018
Fifteen years of progress in understanding frailty and health in aging.
Article in BMC medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 107 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
107 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 199 citations in OpenAlex.
- Deprescribing statins for adults 65 years of age and older: Evidence-based clinical practice guideline.Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien · 2026Guideline
- The effectiveness of nurse-led interventions to manage frailty in community-dwelling older people: a systematic review.Systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Systematic review of the utility of the frailty index and frailty phenotype to predict all-cause mortality in older people.Systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- The prevalence of frailty among breast cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2022Pooled it
- Frailty in people with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review of observational studies.Wellcome open research · 2021Pooled it
- Effects of a 6-Week Treadmill Training With and Without Virtual Reality on Frailty in People With Multiple Sclerosis.Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation · 2025Trial
- Correlation of frailty assessment metrics in one-year follow-up of aged care residents: a sub-study of a randomised controlled trial.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2023Trial
- Clinical outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation and frailty: insights from the ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 trial.BMC medicine · 2020Trial
- Association of frailty index with incident complete tooth loss among middle-aged and older Chinese adults: a longitudinal cohort study based on CHARLS.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Association of the Primary Care Frailty Index with Postoperative Outcomes in Older Patients Undergoing Major Gastrointestinal Oncologic Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Aging-related deficits accumulation and cancer-related outcomes in testicular and prostate cancer: Cross-sectional and longitudinal findings.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2026Article
- Frailty in emergency surgery: expanding the role of biomarkers.Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England · 2026Article
- Exploring educational needs on frailty outside geriatrics: a survey of European Union of Medical Specialists' bodies.European geriatric medicine · 2026Article
- Molecular predictors of incident frailty: a systematic review and critical appraisal of longitudinal evidence.GeroScience · 2026Review
- Outcome predictors in older adults (≥ 65 years) with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage.Neurosurgical review · 2026Article
- Association between frailty and the risks of chronic pulmonary diseases and lung cancer.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Article
- The impact of different intensities of physical activity on aging: A Mendelian randomization study.Medicine · 2026Article
- Spatial health inequities among older adults in Thailand: a composite vulnerability index and relationship with local development.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Neighborhood deprivation on increasing deficit accumulation in older breast cancer survivors and noncancer control individuals.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2026Article
- Relationship between frailty and disease progression in Parkinson's disease: a 3-year longitudinal study.GeroScience · 2026Article
47 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The notion of frailty has evolved for more than 15 years. Although there is no consensus definition, frailty reflects a state of increased vulnerability to adverse health outcomes for individuals of the same chronological age. Two commonly used clinical tools, the frailty index and the frailty phenotype, both measure health-related deficits. The frailty index is a ratio of the number of deficits that an individual has accumulated divided by all deficits measured, whereas the phenotype specifies frailty as represented by poor performance in three of five criteria (i.e., weight loss, exhaustion, weakness, slowness, lack of activity). From human studies, animal models of both approaches have been developed and are beginning to shed light on mechanisms underlying frailty, the influence of frailty on disease expression, and new interventions to attenuate frailty. Currently, back-translation to humans is occurring. As we start to understand subcellular mechanisms involved in damage and repair as well as their response to treatment, we will begin to understand the molecular basis of aging and, thus, of frailty.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.