Observational studyThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2019
Early Clinical Indicators of Addison Disease in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: A Nationwide, Observational, Cohort Study.
Observational study in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Onset of Addison Disease in a Patient Using the Advanced Hybrid Closed-Loop MiniMed 780G: Diagnostic Challenges.JCEM case reports · 2025Article
- A patient diagnosed with new-onset type 1 diabetes and Addison's disease at initial presentation.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism case reports · 2024Article
- Commentary: Early Clinical Indicators of Addison's Disease in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: A Nationwide, Observational, Cohort Study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
contextPatients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) have an increased risk of Addison disease (AD) development, but prediction of those at risk is not possible.
objectiveTo determine whether there are early clinical indicators that may denote the development of AD in adults with T1DM.
designObservational, matched-cohort study.
settingPatient data from Swedish national registries [National Diabetes Register (NDR), Inpatient Register, and Prescription Drug Register].
participantsAll patients with T1DM diagnosed with concomitant AD (n = 66) among the 36,514 adult patients with T1DM in the NDR between 1998 and 2013. Each case was matched to five controls with T1DM alone (n = 330).
main outcome measuresClinical data and drug prescriptions were assessed prior to baseline (inclusion into the study) and prior to AD diagnosis. Analysis of covariance and estimated group proportions were used for comparisons.
resultsPrior to baseline, cases had a higher frequency of thyroid/antithyroid drug prescription than controls (9.1% vs 1.8%). Prior to AD diagnosis, cases had higher frequencies of diabetic retinopathy (12.1% vs 2.1%), infections requiring hospital admission (16.7% vs 2.1%), thyroid/antithyroid drug prescription (28.8% vs 7.0%), and glucagon prescription (18.2% vs 6.4%). There was no difference in glycated Hb between the groups prior to baseline or prior to AD diagnosis.
conclusionsThese data suggest that medical treatment of thyroid disease, a severe infection, and glucagon prescription for severe hypoglycemia should raise the suspicion of AD development in adults with T1DM. Development of diabetic retinopathy might also be associated with glucocorticoid deficiency and the development of AD among patients with T1DM.
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