ArticlePloS one2018
Antibiotic-resistant indicator bacteria in irrigation water: High prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli.
Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Co-occurrence of biofilm formation, acid tolerance, and antibiotic resistance in environmental Escherichia coli associated with lettuce.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Third generation cephalosporin-resistant (3GCR) Escherichia coli and biocide-tolerant heterotrophic bacteria in irrigation water used in Capsicum annuum cultivation areas in Kosovo.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Quantitative risk assessment of antimicrobial resistance exposure among farmers through indirect water reuse for irrigation.Journal of water and health · 2026Article
- Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance of aEPEC/STECPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Hypo-osmotic stress is an anticipatory trigger of heat-resistance in presumptive extraintestinal pathogenicFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Unde venis? Bacterial resistance from environmental reservoirs to lettuce: tracking microbiome and resistome over a growth period.FEMS microbiology ecology · 2024Article
- Article
- Detection of tetracycline resistance genes and their diversity inVeterinary world · 2023Article
- Article
- Distribution analysis of tetracycline resistance genes inVeterinary world · 2023Article
- Phenotypic Characterization and Antibiograms of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-ProducingInfection and drug resistance · 2023Article
- Genomics and pathotypes of the many faces of Escherichia coli.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2022Article
- Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase Activity and Cephalosporin Resistance in Escherichia coli from U.S. Mid-Atlantic Surface and Reclaimed Water.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2022Article
- Prevalence of Escherichia coli strains in horticultural farms from Argentina: antibiotic resistance, biofilm formation, and phylogenetic affiliation.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Article
- Extended spectrum beta-lactamase-producingOne health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2021Article
- Role played by the environment in the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) through the food chain.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2021Article
- Antibiotic-ResistantAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Comprehensive Genomic Survey of Antimicrobial-Resistance Bacteria in the Sewage Tank Replacement with Hospital Relocation.Infection and drug resistance · 2021Article
- Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producing-Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Resistotyping and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase genes amongNew microbes and new infections · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Irrigation water is a major source of fresh produce contamination with undesired microorganisms including antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), and contaminated fresh produce can transfer ARB to the consumer especially when consumed raw. Nevertheless, no legal guidelines exist so far regulating quality of irrigation water with respect to ARB. We therefore examined irrigation water from major vegetable growing areas for occurrence of antibiotic-resistant indicator bacteria Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp., including extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp. Occurrence of ARB strains was compared to total numbers of the respective species. We categorized water samples according to total numbers and found that categories with higher total E. coli or Enterococcus spp. numbers generally had an increased proportion of respective ARB-positive samples. We further detected high prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli with eight positive samples of thirty-six (22%), while two presumptive vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp. were vancomycin-susceptible in confirmatory tests. In disk diffusion assays all ESBL-producing E. coli were multidrug-resistant (n = 21) and whole-genome sequencing of selected strains revealed a multitude of transmissible resistance genes (ARG), with blaCTX-M-1 (4 of 11) and blaCTX-M-15 (3 of 11) as the most frequent ESBL genes. Overall, the increased occurrence of indicator ARB with increased total indicator bacteria suggests that the latter might be a suitable estimate for presence of respective ARB strains. Finally, the high prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli with transmissible ARG emphasizes the need to establish legal critical values and monitoring guidelines for ARB in irrigation water.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.