ReviewCurrent pediatric reviews2019
Human Breast Milk-acquired Cytomegalovirus Infection: Certainties, Doubts and Perspectives.
Review in Current pediatric reviews, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- Strategies to reduce CMV infectivity in breastmilk to preterm babies - impact on transmission, nutrients, and bioactivity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2025Pooled it
- Cytomegalovirus Secretion in Breast Milk of Mothers Delivering at ≤ 32 Weeks' Gestation: A Prospective Observational Study.Indian pediatrics · 2026Observational
- Postnatally Acquired Neonatal CMV Infection in Preterm Infants: From a Case Series to a Narrative Review of the Literature.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Clinical Presentation of Postnatally Acquired Cytomegalovirus Infection in Preterm Infants-A Case Series Report.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Lung NK cells are sufficient to control viral dissemination during respiratory MCMV infection.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2025Article
- The struggles of breastfeeding mothers of preterm infants: a qualitative study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Clinical Manifestations of Non-Congenital CMV Infection in Infants and Immunocompetent Children: Review of Cases from the Past Decade.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Breastfed infants exposed to lamotrigine faced a low risk of toxic effects.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2025Article
- Congenital cytomegalovirus retinitis of prematurity: a case report and literature review.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Spatial kinetics and immune control of murine cytomegalovirus infection in the salivary glands.PLoS computational biology · 2024Article
- Immunization of laboratory animal workers: occupational health and safety aspects.Pathogens and global health · 2024Review
- Prevalence of Maternal Cytomegalovirus Antibodies and Neonatal Congenital Cytomegalovirus at Less than 34 Weeks of Gestation: A Prospective Study.American journal of perinatology · 2024Article
- Viruses and Human Milk: Transmission or Protection?Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2023Review
- Recommendations for the establishment and operation of a donor human milk bank.Nutrition reviews · 2023Article
- Positive Newborn Screening for Severe Combined Immunodeficiency: What Should the Pediatrician Do?Clinical medicine insights. Pediatrics · 2023Review
- Cytomegalovirus pneumonitis in infants: The challenge in diagnosis among pediatricians.IDCases · 2023Article
- Mouse maternal odontogenic infection withFrontiers in pediatrics · 2023Article
- Reduced structural connectivity in non-motor networks in children born preterm and the influence of early postnatal human cytomegalovirus infection.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- Congenital cytomegalovirus infection: the state of the art and future perspectives.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Review
- Modeling infectious diseases of the central nervous system with human brain organoids.Translational research : the journal of laboratory and clinical medicine · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Breast Milk (BM) is the best source of nutrition for newborns, especially if premature. In fact, its beneficial impact on short- and the long-term neonatal outcome has was deeply described. Unfortunately, BM could not be always so safe, especially due to the possible presence of maternal viruses that can be shed and transferred to the breastfed neonate. Among these, Cytomegalovirus (CMV) can potentially lead to a serious and acute illness, mostly in case of low gestational age. Some studies also report the association of CMV-acquired infection to an increased risk of structural and functional brain modifications and neurological impairment. Due to these reasons, a strategy to remove CMV from BM with a minimal or absent impact on its beneficial components would be desirable. Up to now, pasteurization, freezing, ultraviolet- C or microwave irradiation are the available techniques; they show different levels of efficacy and variable effects on BM composition, even if many studies are still needed to fully clarify these implications. In this review, we provide an update of the current evidence about these topics. We focus on the factors promoting CMV shedding through BM; moreover, the possible occurrence of a severe disease in preterm neonates is also described. Finally, we investigate the potential effects showed on BM properties by the strategies that prevent or reduce viral transmission, therefore influencing newborns' health, and the new techniques which could show a relevant role in the next future, such as metabolomics.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.