ArticleFrontiers in zoology2018
Comparative morphology and evolution of the cnidosac in Cladobranchia (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia: Nudibranchia).
Article in Frontiers in zoology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Venom Revolution in Biomedicine: Unlocking Nature's Toxin Toolkit for Therapeutic Innovation.Toxicology reports · 2026Review
- Neither "lumpers" nor "splitters": A global revision of Flabellinidae s.l. nudibranchs (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia: Nudibranchia).PloS one · 2026Article
- Dragons guard secrets: integrative systematics ofZooKeys · 2026Article
- Predation on scyphozoan polyps and selective hydrozoan nematocyst incorporation dynamics in an alien aeolid nudibranch.Frontiers in zoology · 2025Article
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- A new genus and species of nudibranch-mimicking Syllidae (Annelida, Polychaeta).Scientific reports · 2024Article
- A chromosome-level genome for the nudibranch gastropod Berghia stephanieae helps parse clade-specific gene expression in novel and conserved phenotypes.BMC biology · 2024Article
- Morphology and Phylogenetic Position of the Sargassum NudibranchZoological studies · 2024Article
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- New mitogenomes of Runcinidae and Facelinidae: two understudied heterobranch families (Mollusca: Gastropoda).Mitochondrial DNA. Part B, Resources · 2024Article
- Morphological Organization of Cerata in the Nudibranch Pteraeolidia semperi (Gastropoda, Nudibranchia).Doklady biological sciences : proceedings of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Biological sciences sections · 2023Article
- Nematocyst sequestration within the family Fionidae (Gastropoda: Nudibranchia) considering ecological properties and evolution.Frontiers in zoology · 2022Article
- Movement and storage of nematocysts across development in the nudibranch Berghia stephanieae (Valdés, 2005).Frontiers in zoology · 2022Article
- Article
- Precocious Sperm Exchange in the Simultaneously Hermaphroditic Nudibranch,Integrative organismal biology (Oxford, England) · 2022Article
- Transcriptomics provides a robust framework for the relationships of the major clades of cladobranch sea slugs (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Heterobranchia), but fails to resolve the position of the enigmatic genus Embletonia.BMC ecology and evolution · 2021Article
- Looking at the Nudibranch Family Myrrhinidae (Gastropoda, Heterobranchia) from a Mitochondrial '2D Folding Structure' Point of View.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Article
- Multiple paedomorphic lineages of soft-substrate burrowing invertebrates: parallels in the origin of Xenocratena and Xenoturbella.PloS one · 2020Article
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9 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundA number of shelled and shell-less gastropods are known to use multiple defensive mechanisms, including internally generated or externally obtained biochemically active compounds and structures. Within Nudipleura, nudibranchs within Cladobranchia possess such a special defense: the ability to sequester cnidarian nematocysts - small capsules that can inject venom into the tissues of other organisms. This ability is distributed across roughly 600 species within Cladobranchia, and many questions still remain in regard to the comparative morphology and evolution of the cnidosac - the structure that houses sequestered nematocysts (called kleptocnides). In this paper, we describe cnidosac morphology across the main groups of Cladobranchia in which it occurs, and place variation in its structure in a phylogenetic context to better understand the evolution of nematocyst sequestration.
resultsOverall, we find that the length, size and structure of the entrance to the cnidosac varies more than expected based on previous work, as does the structure of the exit, the musculature surrounding the cnidosac, and the position and orientation of the kleptocnides. The sequestration of nematocysts has originated at least twice within Cladobranchia based on the phylogeny presented here using 94 taxa and 409 genes.
conclusionsThe cnidosac is not homologous to cnidosac-like structures found in Hancockiidae. Additionally, the presence of a sac at the distal end of the digestive gland may have originated prior to the sequestration of nematocysts. This study provides a more complete picture of variation in, and evolution of, morphological characters associated with nematocyst sequestration in Cladobranchia.
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