ArticleAddictive behaviors2019
Associations of risk factors of e-cigarette and cigarette use and susceptibility to use among baseline PATH study youth participants (2013-2014).
Article in Addictive behaviors, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to trial NCT06308081 (SMART), which is not on this map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
SMART: Social Media Anti-Vaping Messages to Reduce ENDS Use Among Sexual and Gender Minority Teens
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- An International Systematic Review of Prevalence, Risk, and Protective Factors Associated with Young People's E-Cigarette Use.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Willingness to Use Commercial Nicotine Gums, Lozenges, and Gummies Among Nontobacco Using Adolescents in Southern California.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2023Trial
- The Impact of "The Real Cost" on E-cigarette Initiation Among U.S. Youth.American journal of preventive medicine · 2026Article
- Novel nicotine and tobacco products in pediatric age: a joint position paper.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2025Review
- Substance Use and Social Influence as Risk Factors for Nicotine and Tobacco Product Use in Adolescents and Young Adults who use Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems.Frontiers in adolescent medicine · 2025Article
- General and Specific Risk and Protective Factors for Cigarette and Electronic Nicotine Delivery System (ENDS) Use.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2024Article
- Does the time to nicotine dependence vary by internalizing symptoms for young people who use e-cigarettes? An analysis of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study, (Waves 1-5; 2013-2019).Addictive behaviors · 2024Article
- Dramatic Reductions in Cigarette Smoking Prevalence among High School Youth from 1991 to 2022 Unlikely to Have Been Undermined by E-Cigarettes.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- An examination of the social perceptions and vaping preferences of young electronic nicotine delivery system users.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Correlates of tobacco product initiation among youth and young adults between waves 1-4 of the population assessment of tobacco and Health (PATH) study (2013-2018).Addictive behaviors · 2022Article
- Longitudinal associations between U.S. youth exposure to E-cigarette marketing and E-cigarette use harm perception and behavior change.Preventive medicine · 2022Article
- Internalizing and externalizing problems on the age of e-cigarette initiation in youth: Findings from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH), 2013-2017.Preventive medicine · 2022Article
- Adolescents' Nicotine/Tobacco Dependency Symptoms Using 4 Waves of PATH Data.Health behavior and policy review · 2022Article
- Predicting Adolescent Electronic Cigarette Use: Differences by Never, Ever, and Current Users.Journal of pediatric psychology · 2022Article
- Adverse childhood experiences and other risk factors associated with adolescent and young adult vaping over time: a longitudinal study.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Adolescents' own views on their risk behaviors, and the potential effects of being labeled as risk-takers: A commentary and review.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Review
- E-cigarette initiation predicts subsequent academic performance among youth: Results from the PATH Study.Preventive medicine · 2021Article
- Adolescent Susceptibility to E-Cigarettes: An Update From the 2018 National Youth Tobacco Survey.American journal of health promotion : AJHP · 2021Article
- Adolescent E-Cigarette Onset and Escalation: Associations With Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2021Article
- Convenience Store Access and E-cigarette Advertising Exposure Is Associated With Future E-cigarette Initiation Among Tobacco-Naïve Youth in the PATH Study (2013-2016).The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
19 authors at 8 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionImproved understanding of the distribution of traditional risk factors of cigarette smoking among youth who have ever used or are susceptible to e-cigarettes and cigarettes will inform future longitudinal studies examining transitions in use.
methodsMultiple logistic regression analysis was conducted using data from youth (ages 12-17 years) who had ever heard of e-cigarettes at baseline of the PATH Study (n = 12,460) to compare the distribution of risk factors for cigarette smoking among seven mutually exclusive groups based on ever cigarette/e-cigarette use and susceptibility status.
resultsCompared to committed never users, youth susceptible to e-cigarettes, cigarettes, or both had increasing odds of risk factors for cigarette smoking, with those susceptible to both products at highest risk, followed by cigarettes and e-cigarettes. Compared to e-cigarette only users, dual users had higher odds of nearly all risk factors (aOR range = 1.6-6.8) and cigarette only smokers had higher odds of other (non-e-cigarette) tobacco use (aOR range = 1.5-2.3), marijuana use (aOR = 1.9, 95%CI = 1.4-2.5), a high GAIN substance use score (aOR = 1.9, 95%CI = 1.1-3.4), low academic achievement (aOR range = 1.6-3.4), and exposure to smoking (aOR range = 1.8-2.1). No differences were observed for externalizing factors (depression, anxiety, etc.), sensation seeking, or household use of non-cigarette tobacco.
conclusionsAmong ever cigarette and e-cigarette users, dual users had higher odds of reporting traditional risk factors for smoking, followed by single product cigarette smokers and e-cigarette users. Understanding how e-cigarette and cigarette users differ may inform youth tobacco use prevention efforts and advise future studies assessing probability of progression of cigarette and e-cigarette use.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.