ArticlePublic health nutrition2019
Dietary sources of salt intake in adults and older people: a population-based study in a Brazilian town.
Article in Public health nutrition, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A Systematic Review of the Sources of Dietary Salt Around the World.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2020Pooled it
- Sodium and Salt Consumption in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Systematic-Review and Meta-Analysis of Population-Based Studies and Surveys.Nutrients · 2020Pooled it
- Theory-Based Mobile App Intervention to Promote Healthy Salt Intake Among Adults: Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR human factors · 2025Trial
- Efficacy of an Educational Intervention for Sodium Restriction in Patients with Hypertension: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Nutrients · 2023Trial
- The habit of adding salt to food at the table and its association with socio-demographic, anthropometric and dietary characteristics in Brazilian older adults.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- The status of sodium intake and excretion and the primary dietary sources of sodium in Iranian adults, a comprehensive pilot study.Cardiovascular endocrinology & metabolism · 2025Article
- Intake and food sources of sodium in the population residing in urban areas of Ecuador: results from ELANS study.Global health action · 2023Article
- A Mobile Phone App Intervention to Promote Healthy Salt Intake Among Adults: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Study.JMIR research protocols · 2022Article
- 24-hour sodium and potassium excretion in the Americas: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Revista panamericana de salud publica = Pan American journal of public health · 2022Review
- Dietary Habits of Older Adults in Serbia: Findings From the National Health Survey.Frontiers in public health · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo assess salt intake and its dietary sources using biochemical and self-report methods and to characterize salt intake according to sociodemographic and disease-related variables in a sample of the Brazilian population.
designPopulation-based cross-sectional survey.
settingSalt intake was assessed by biochemical (24 h urinary Na excretion) and self-report methods (sodium FFQ, 24 h dietary recall, seasoned-salt questionnaire, discretionary-salt questionnaire and total reported salt intake).ParticipantsAdults and older people (n 517) aged 20-80 years, living in Artur Nogueira, São Paulo, Brazil.
resultsMean salt intake based on 24 h urinary Na excretion and total reported salt intake was 10·5 and 11·0 g/d, respectively; both measures were significantly correlated. Discretionary salt and seasoned salt were the most important sources of salt intake (68·2 %). Men in the study consumed more salt than women as estimated by 24 h urinary Na excretion (11·7 v. 9·6 g salt/d; P<0·0001). Participants known to be hypertensive added more salt to their meals but consumed less salty ultra-processed foods. Waist circumference in both sexes and BMI were positively correlated with salt intake estimated by 24 h urinary Na excretion. In addition, regression analysis revealed that being a young male or having a high waist circumference was a predictor of higher salt intake.
conclusionsSalt intake in this population was well above the recommended amount. The main source of salt intake came from salt added during cooking. Salt intake varied according to sex and waist circumference.
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