ArticleThe International journal on drug policy2019
Patients' and clinicians' perspectives of co-use of cannabis and opioids for chronic non-cancer pain management in primary care.
Article in The International journal on drug policy, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Values and preferences towards medical cannabis among people living with chronic pain: a mixed-methods systematic review.BMJ open · 2021Pooled it
- A Mapping Literature Review of Medical Cannabis Clinical Outcomes and Quality of Evidence in Approved Conditions in the USA from 2016 to 2019.Medical cannabis and cannabinoids · 2021Pooled it
- Postsurgical Pain, Psychosocial Functioning, and Cannabis Use Among Adolescents and Young Adults Undergoing Gender-Affirming Surgery.Transgender health · 2025Article
- Role of Cannabis in the Management of Chronic Non-Cancer Pain: A Narrative Review.Clinics and practice · 2025Review
- Chronic pain among primary fentanyl users: The concept of self-medication.European journal of pain (London, England) · 2025Article
- International perspectives on physician knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to medical cannabis.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- "It frees your body from that pain thought": A mixed-methods exploration of patterns, contexts, and experiences of cannabis use for pain in rural communities.The journal of pain · 2024Article
- Indirect effects of emotion regulation in the relationship between pain and cannabis use in adults 18-64 years.Addictive behaviors · 2024Article
- Recreational and Medical Cannabis Legalization and Opioid Prescriptions and Mortality.JAMA health forum · 2024Article
- Perceived Risk of Medical Cannabis and Prescribed Cannabinoids for Chronic Pain: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Quebec Clinicians.Cannabis (Albuquerque, N.M.) · 2024Article
- A Pragmatic, Person-Centered View of Cannabis in the United States: Pursuing Care That Transcends Beliefs.Substance abuse · 2023Review
- Patient and Provider Perspectives on Benefits and Harms of Continuing, Tapering, and Discontinuing Long-Term Opioid Therapy.Journal of general internal medicine · 2023Article
- "It doesn't make any sense to even try": the disruptive impact of COVID-19's first wave on people with chronic pain using medical cannabis in New York.Journal of cannabis research · 2023Article
- Experiences and Perceptions of Medical Cannabis among People Living with Chronic Pain and Community Pharmacists: A Qualitative Study in Canada.Canadian journal of pain = Revue canadienne de la douleur · 2023Article
- Perceived Effectiveness of Medical Cannabis Among Adults with Chronic Pain: Findings from Interview Data in a Three-Month Pilot Study.Cannabis (Albuquerque, N.M.) · 2023Article
- Real-Time Monitoring of Cannabis and Prescription Opioid Co-Use Patterns, Analgesic Effectiveness, and the Opioid-Sparing Effect of Cannabis in Individuals With Chronic Pain.The journal of pain · 2022Article
- Healthcare professionals' perspectives on the use of medicinal cannabis to manage chronic pain: A systematic search and narrative review.Pain practice : the official journal of World Institute of Pain · 2022Review
- Cannabis use, pain interference, and prescription opioid receipt among persons with HIV: a target trial emulation study.AIDS care · 2022Article
- To Treat or Not to Treat? Polish Physicians' Opinions about the Clinical Aspects of Cannabinoids-An Online Survey.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe prevalence of opioid-associated morbidity and mortality underscores the need for research on non-opioid treatments for chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP). Pain is the most common medical condition for which patients request medical cannabis. Limited research indicates that patients are interested in cannabis as a potential addition to or replacement for opioid medication. This analysis reports on CNCP patient and clinician perceptions about the co-use of cannabis and opioids for CNCP management.
methodsWe interviewed 23 clinicians and 46 CNCP patients, using semi-structured interview guides, from six safety-net clinics across the San Francisco Bay Area, and 5 key stakeholders involved in CNCP management. We used a modified grounded theory approach to code and analyze transcripts.
resultsCNCP patients described potential benefits of co-use of cannabis and opioids for pain management and concerns about dosing and addictive potential. Patients reported seeking cannabis when unable to obtain prescription opioids. Clinicians stated that their patients reported cannabis being helpful in managing pain symptoms. Clinicians expressed concerns about the potential exacerbation of mental health issues resulting from cannabis use.
conclusionClinicians are hampered by a lack of clinically relevant information about cannabis use, efficacy and side-effects. Currently no guidelines exist for clinicians to address opioid and cannabis co-use, or to discuss the risk and benefits of cannabis for CNCP management, including side effects. Cannabis and opioid co-use was commonly reported by patients in our sample, yet rarely addressed during clinical CNCP care. Further research is needed on the risks and benefits of cannabis and opioid co-use.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.