ArticleThe Science of the total environment2019
Particle emissions from fused deposition modeling 3D printers: Evaluation and meta-analysis.
Article in The Science of the total environment, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed.
- Lung cell toxicological effects of 3D printer aerosolized filament byproducts.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2025Article
- Computational Fluid Dynamics as a Digital Tool for Enhancing Safety Uptake in Advanced Manufacturing Environments Within a Safe-by-Design Strategy.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The size distribution of nanoparticles emitted from advanced manufacturing devices impacts predicted carcinogenic potential.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Microplastics in anaerobic digestion: occurrence, impact, and mitigation strategies.Journal of environmental health science & engineering · 2024Review
- Article
- 3D printer emissions elicit filament-specific and dose-dependent metabolic and genotoxic effects in human airway epithelial cells.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Characterization of 3D printing filaments containing metal additives and their particulate emissions.The Science of the total environment · 2023Article
- Accurate measurements of particle emissions from a three-dimensional printer using a chamber test with a mixer-installed sampling system.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Variability in the inorganic composition of colored acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene and polylactic acid filaments used in 3D printing.SN applied sciences · 2022Article
- Additives influence 3D printer emission profiles: Implications for working safely with polymer filament composites.Indoor air · 2022Article
- Particle measurements of metal additive manufacturing to assess working occupational exposures: a comparative analysis of selective laser melting, laser metal deposition and hybrid laser metal deposition.Industrial health · 2022Article
- Sarcomas in Teachers Using Three-Dimensional Printers: A Report of Three Patients and Literature Review.Clinics in orthopedic surgery · 2022Review
- Human exposure to metals in consumer-focused fused filament fabrication (FFF)/ 3D printing processes.The Science of the total environment · 2022Review
- Towards sustainable additive manufacturing: The need for awareness of particle and vapor releases during polymer recycling, making filament, and fused filament fabrication 3-D printing.Resources, conservation, and recycling · 2022Article
- Comparison of axon extension: PTFE versus PLA formed by a 3D printer.Open life sciences · 2022Article
- Parameters Influencing the Emission of Ultrafine Particles during 3D Printing.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- State of the art in additive manufacturing and its possible chemical and particle hazards-review.Indoor air · 2021Review
- Prevention through design: insights from computational fluid dynamics modeling to predict exposure to ultrafine particles from 3D printing.Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A · 2021Article
- Monitoring of Particulate Matter Emissions from 3D Printing Activity in the Home Setting.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- 3D Printer Particle Emissions: Translation to Internal Dose in Adults and Children.Journal of aerosol science · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printers, the most popular choice among home hobbyists, have been shown to release volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) and billions of airborne particles per minute, indicating the potential for consumer inhalation exposure and consequent health risks. Publications on FDM 3D printer emissions however, contain large heterogeneity of testing methods and analytical procedures making it difficult to reach overall conclusions for particle characteristics or particle number emission rates across the field. In this publication, data were collected over the printing time from 3D printer emission studies including particle count diameters (PCDs) (nanometers), particle number concentrations (PNCs) (particles/cm
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.