ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2019
Stimulus effects of propylene glycol and vegetable glycerin in electronic cigarette liquids.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of freebase/protonated nicotine concentration, liquid composition and electrical power on throat hit in direct-to-lung vaping: theory and clinical measurements.Tobacco control · 2026Article
- The ratio of propylene glycol to glycerol modulates nicotine taste and reward: more glycerol, more reward.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Exploring the Impact of E-cigarettes on Cardiovascular Health: Insights from Preclinical and Clinical Studies.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2025Review
- Advancing low-cost air quality monitor calibration with machine learning methods.Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) · 2025Article
- E-Cigarettes induce expression of procoagulant tissue factor in cultivated human endothelial cells.Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis · 2025Article
- Nicotine and Microvascular Responses in Skeletal Muscle from Acute Exposure to Cigarettes and Vaping.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Multi-omic assessment shows dysregulation of pulmonary and systemic immunity to e-cigarette exposure.Respiratory research · 2023Article
- Rat bronchoalveolar lavage proteome changes following e-cigarette aerosol exposures.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2023Article
- Interactive effects of protonated nicotine concentration and device power on ENDS nicotine delivery, puff topography, and subjective effects.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2023Article
- NADES Compounds Identified inPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Propylene glycol, a component of electronic cigarette liquid, damages epithelial cells in human small airways.Respiratory research · 2022Article
- Reinforcing effects of fentanyl and sufentanil aerosol puffs in rats.Psychopharmacology · 2022Article
- Chemosensory Contributions of E-Cigarette Additives on Nicotine Use.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Review
- The rise and fall of e-cigarette cloud chasing appealing to youth.Preventive medicine reports · 2021Article
- How Does the Use of Flavored Nicotine Vaping Products Relate to Progression Toward Quitting Smoking? Findings From the 2016 and 2018 ITC 4CV Surveys.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2021Article
- E-Cigarettes and Cardiopulmonary Health.Function (Oxford, England) · 2021Review
- Association between electronic cigarette use and fragility fractures among US adults.American journal of medicine open · 2021Article
- E-cigarette constituents propylene glycol and vegetable glycerin decrease glucose uptake and its metabolism in airway epithelial cells in vitro.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2020Article
- Effects of electronic cigarette heating coil resistance and liquid nicotine concentration on user nicotine delivery, heart rate, subjective effects, puff topography, and liquid consumption.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2020Article
- The flavoring and not the nicotine content is a decisive factor for the effects of refill liquids of electronic cigarette on the redox status of endothelial cells.Toxicology reports · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLittle is known about the behavioral effects of non-nicotine ingredients in electronic cigarette liquids. Propylene glycol (PG) and vegetable glycerin (VG) are the most common humectants used in electronic cigarette liquids. These ingredients may influence stimulus effects (e.g., visibility of exhalant, taste, or smell), which have played a role in the abuse liability of conventional cigarettes. In the current study, the stimulus effects of aerosol from liquids varying only in PG and VG content were assessed.
methodsSixteen electronic cigarette users completed five sessions (one practice and four testing sessions). Following one hour of nicotine deprivation, two sampling puffs from liquid formulations containing 100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75, and 0/100% PG/VG concentrations were administered in random order during five assessments, each separated by 20 min. Measures included self-reported stimulus effects and breakpoint on a multiple-choice procedure with options consisting of sampled puffs or varying amounts of money.
resultsVG content was associated with greater reports of visibility of the exhalant (i.e., "cloud"). Liquids with only PG or VG engendered lower reports of inhalation sensations (e.g., throat hit) and greater reductions of systolic blood pressure compared to mixtures of PG and VG. There was no effect of liquid formulation on the multiple-choice procedure, but puffs were rarely chosen over even the smallest monetary option ($0.05), suggesting minimal reinforcing efficacy.
conclusionsLiquids containing greater concentrations of VG are more capable of producing visible exhalant and mixtures of PG and VG engender greater airway sensory effects than either ingredient alone.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.