ArticleEuropean journal of applied physiology2019
Does an increase in energy return and/or longitudinal bending stiffness shoe features reduce the energetic cost of running?
Article in European journal of applied physiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The role of footwear in improving running economy: a systematic review with meta-analysis of controlled trials.Scientific reports · 2025Pooled it
- Influence of Trail Running Footwear Foam on Running Economy and Perceptual Metrics.European journal of sport science · 2025Trial
- Metabolic and performance responses of male runners wearing 3 types of footwear: Nike Vaporfly 4%, Saucony Endorphin racing flats, and their own shoes.Journal of sport and health science · 2022Trial
- Advanced Footwear Technology in Distance Running: What We Know, What We Don't Know, and Future Directions.European journal of sport science · 2026Article
- The running economy and biomechanics of competitive distance runners wearing advanced footwear technology spikes.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Article
- Deformable foot orthoses shift the functional roles of foot and ankle joints during walking gait.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Carbon plates in running shoes biomechanics: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2026Review
- The Mediating Effect of Running Biomechanics, Anthropometrics, Muscle Architecture, and Comfort on Running Economy Across Different Shoes.Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports · 2025Article
- Effects of carbon-fiber plate design on foot stress injury risk: a finite element analysis.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Article
- Metabolic effects of carbon-plated running shoes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2025Review
- Trends and hotspots in running shoe research: a bibliometric study from 2005 to 2024.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2025Review
- The effects of different carbon-fiber plate shapes in shoes on lower limb biomechanics following running-induced fatigue.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Article
- Effects of varying longitudinal bending stiffness in running shoes on lower limb biomechanics of elite marathon runners.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2025Article
- Professional long distance runners achieve high efficiency at the cost of weak orbital stability.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Curved carbon-plated shoe may further reduce forefoot loads compared to flat plate during running.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Towards functionally individualised designed footwear recommendation for overuse injury prevention: a scoping review.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2023Article
- Carbon Fiber Insoles Enhance Perception of Performance Despite Variable Objective Outcomes: Specific to the Moderately Active Individual.International journal of exercise science · 2023Article
- Running Velocity and Longitudinal Bending Stiffness Influence the Asymmetry of Kinematic Variables of the Lower Limb Joints.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- The Implications of Sports Biomechanics Studies on the Research and Development of Running Shoes: A Systematic Review.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Complexity of Running and Its Relationship with Joint Kinematics during a Prolonged Run.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThis study focused on the effects of shoe energy return and shoe longitudinal bending stiffness on the energetic cost and biomechanics of running.
methodsThe energetic cost of running and biomechanical variables altering running economy (ground contact times, stride frequency, vertical and leg stiffness, ground reaction force impulses, alignment between the resultant ground reaction force and the leg) were measured for nineteen male recreational runners. Participants ran overground under their ventilatory anaerobic threshold (10.8 ± 1.1 km h
resultsNeither the energy return, nor the longitudinal bending stiffness, or the interaction of these shoe features altered the energetic cost of running. High energy return shoes induced significant increased ground contact time from 274.5 ± 18.3 to 277.1 ± 18.7 ms, and significant decreased stride frequency from 1.34 ± 0.05 to 1.33 ± 0.05 Hz. High bending stiffness shoes induced significant increased ground contact time from 273.8 ± 18.2 to 277.9 ± 18.7 ms, significant increased vertical stiffness from 23.2 ± 3.4 to 23.8 ± 3.0 kN m
conclusionsIncreased energy return and longitudinal bending stiffness induced subtle changes in the running biomechanics, but did not induce any decrease in the energetic cost of running.
Indexed as
Identifiers
30470873What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.