ReviewPsychopharmacology2019
Sound check, stage design and screen plot - how to increase the comparability of fear conditioning and fear extinction experiments.
Review in Psychopharmacology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of ketamine on fear memory extinction: a review of preclinical literature.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Pooled it
- Systematic Review and Methodological Considerations for the Use of Single Prolonged Stress and Fear Extinction Retention in Rodents.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2021Pooled it
- Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Impairs Fear Extinction and Network Excitability in the Infralimbic Cortex.Journal of neurotrauma · 2025Article
- Orexin mechanisms in the prelimbic cortex modulate the expression of contextual conditioned fear.Psychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Sex-specific fear acquisition following early life stress is linked to amygdala and hippocampal purine and glutamate metabolism.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Improvement of cognitive function in wild-type and Alzheimer´s disease mouse models by the immunomodulatory properties of menthol inhalation or by depletion of T regulatory cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Assessing the importance of sex in a hippocampus-dependent behavioral test battery in C57BL/6NTac mice.Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) · 2022Article
- Adolescence alcohol exposure impairs fear extinction and alters medial prefrontal cortex plasticity.Neuropharmacology · 2022Article
- Cerebellum and Emotion Memory.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2022Article
- Age-Dependent Behavioral and Metabolic Assessment ofFrontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2022Article
- Interfering With Contextual Fear Memories by Post-reactivation Administration of Propranolol in Mice: A Series of Null Findings.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2022Article
- Causal role for sleep-dependent reactivation of learning-activated sensory ensembles for fear memory consolidation.Nature communications · 2021Article
- Morris Water Maze and Contextual Fear Conditioning Tasks to Evaluate Cognitive Functions Associated With Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2021Review
- Optogenetic reactivation of prefrontal social neural ensembles mimics social buffering of fear.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2020Article
- Psychophysiological modelling and the measurement of fear conditioning.Behaviour research and therapy · 2020Review
- Assaying Fear Memory Discrimination and Generalization: Methods and Concepts.Current protocols in neuroscience · 2020Article
- Making translation work: Harmonizing cross-species methodology in the behavioural neuroscience of Pavlovian fear conditioning.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2019Review
- Editorial: the psychopharmacology of extinction-from theory to therapy.Psychopharmacology · 2019Article
- Multiple context discrimination in adult rats: sex variability and dynamics of time-dependent generalization of an aversive memory.Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In the recent decade, fear conditioning has evolved as a standard procedure for testing cognitive abilities such as memory acquisition, consolidation, recall, reconsolidation, and extinction, preferentially in genetically modified mice. The reasons for the popularity of this powerful approach are its ease to perform, the short duration of training and testing, and its well-described neural basis. So why to bother about flaws in standardization of test procedures and analytical routines? Simplicity does not preclude the existence of fallacies. A short survey of the literature revealed an indifferent use of acoustic stimuli in terms of quality (i.e., white noise vs. sine wave), duration, and intensity. The same applies to the shock procedures. In the present article, I will provide evidence for the importance of qualitative and quantitative parameters of conditioned and unconditioned stimuli for the experimental outcome. Moreover, I will challenge frequently applied interpretations of short-term vs. long-term extinction and spontaneous recovery. On the basis of these concerns, I suggest a guideline for standardization of fear conditioning experiments in mice to improve the comparability of the experimental data.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.