ReviewBiological psychiatry2019
The Impact of Stress and Major Depressive Disorder on Hippocampal and Medial Prefrontal Cortex Morphology.
Review in Biological psychiatry, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04780152 (Assessment of Efficacy and Safety of Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation), which is not on this map. Cited by 277 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Assessment of Efficacy and Safety of Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (TDCS) in Pediatric and Teenage Patients With Major Depressive Disorder During COVID-19 Pandemics
Who cites it
277 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 528 citations in OpenAlex.
- Investigation of habenula volume in mood disorders: A meta-analytic study.Psychological medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Neurobiological insights into perinatal depression: a multi-dimensional integration of brain structure, function, and metabolism.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Decoding and reconstructing disease relations between dry eye and depression: a multimodal investigation comprising meta-analysis, genetic pathways and Mendelian randomization.Journal of advanced research · 2025Pooled it
- Bibliometric and visual analysis in the field of electroacupuncture's analgesia and regulation on negative emotion from 2014 to 2024.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Intimate Partner Violence and Subsequent Depression in Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies.Brain and behavior · 2025Pooled it
- Regulatory Role of PFC Corticotropin-Releasing Factor System in Stress-Associated Depression Disorders: A Systematic Review.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2023Pooled it
- Assessment of bidirectional relationships between depression and rheumatoid arthritis among adults: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.Clinical rheumatology · 2023Pooled it
- Effects on hippocampal activity following novel 5-HT4 receptor agonism in unmedicated patients with depression: the RESTAND study.Translational psychiatry · 2026Trial
- Obesity-related differences in amygdala and hippocampal volume and metabolism before and after a placebo-controlled antidepressant trial in major depressive disorder.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Ferroptosis in major depressive disorder: Molecular mechanisms, cellular vulnerability, and therapeutic opportunities.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Review
- Association of Mandatory COVID-19 Lockdown Exposure with Increased Maternal Prenatal Smoking and Reduced Fetal Head Growth: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Maternal and child health journal · 2026Article
- Cross-tissue Mendelian randomization prioritizes RAB27B as a brain-derived candidate protein for postpartum depression.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- GATA3 drives chronic stress-induced depressive-like behaviors by reducing hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neuronal activity in male mice.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Article
- G protein-coupled receptor 75 mediates depression-like behaviors and HPA axis hyperactivity through an excitatory arcuate-paraventricular nucleus circuit.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Article
- PACSIN2-mediated synaptic injury contributes to behavioral disorders caused by chronic stress.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Article
- Multiomic single-nucleus profiling reveals cell-type-specific epigenetic and transcriptional dysregulation in major depressive disorder brain.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- History of childhood trauma enhances the detrimental effects of recent stressors on brain structure and function in major depressive disorder.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Article
- Glial-neuronal crosstalk via GABA signaling: mechanistic insights into neuropsychiatric and neurological pathophysiology.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- 5-O-Methylvisammioside alleviates depression-like behaviors by inhibiting nuclear factor kappa B pathway activation via targeting SRC.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Mechanism-First Psychobiotics: Fermented Vegetables, Dairy, and Soy for Depression and Anxiety.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
217 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Volumetric reductions in the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) are among the most well-documented neural abnormalities in major depressive disorder (MDD). Hippocampal and mPFC structural reductions have been specifically tied to MDD illness progression markers, including greater number of major depressive episodes (MDEs), longer illness duration, and nonremission/treatment resistance. Chronic stress plays a critical role in the development of hippocampal and mPFC deficits, with some studies suggesting that these deficits occur irrespective of MDE occurrence. However, preclinical and human research also points to other stress-mediated neurotoxic processes, including enhanced inflammation and neurotransmitter disturbances, which may require the presence of an MDE and contribute to further brain structural decline as the illness advances. Specifically, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction, enhanced inflammation and oxidative stress, and neurotransmitter abnormalities (e.g., serotonin, glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid) likely interact to facilitate illness progression in MDD. Congruent with stress sensitization models of MDD, with each consecutive MDE it may take lower levels of stress to trigger these neurotoxic pathways, leading to more pronounced brain volumetric reductions. Given that stress and MDD have overlapping and distinct influences on neurobiological pathways implicated in hippocampal and mPFC structural decline, further work is needed to clarify which precise mechanisms ultimately contribute to MDD development and maintenance.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.