ArticleJournal of neuroinflammation2018
High neopterin and IP-10 levels in cerebrospinal fluid are associated with neurotoxic tryptophan metabolites in acute central nervous system infections.
Article in Journal of neuroinflammation, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Metabolomics of cerebrospinal fluid in pediatric neuroborreliosis: unraveling candidate immunometabolic signatures and diagnostic potential.Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society · 2026Article
- Characterization of an isogenicInfection and immunity · 2026Article
- Emerging strategies, applications and challenges of targeting NADNature aging · 2025Review
- CXCL-10 in Cerebrospinal Fluid Detects Neuroinflammation in HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy with High Accuracy.Viruses · 2025Article
- Metabolic Characterization of Cerebrospinal Fluid for Patients With Autoimmune Encephalitis: A Preliminary Study.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2025Article
- COVID-19 vaccines and neurological disorders: A narrative review of immune responses and adverse reactions.AIMS neuroscience · 2025Review
- Review
- Inflammation and Elevated Osteopontin in Plasma and CSF in Cerebral Malaria Compared toInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Sex-specific associations of kynurenic acid with neopterin in Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2024Article
- The prognostic value of the NPT test combined with amplitude integrated electroencephalogram in children with VE and its bioreliability analysis.Journal of medical biochemistry · 2024Article
- Stress and Kynurenine-Inflammation Pathway in Major Depressive Disorder.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2023Article
- A recombinant VSV-vectored vaccine rapidly protects nonhuman primates against lethal Nipah virus disease.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Identification of cerebrospinal fluid metabolites as biomarkers for neurobrucellosis by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry approach.Bioengineered · 2022Article
- Differentiation of viral and autoimmune central nervous system inflammation by kynurenine pathway.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2021Article
- Metabolomic Characterization of Cerebrospinal Fluid from Intracranial Bacterial Infection Pediatric Patients: A Pilot Study.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Cerebrospinal fluid catecholamines in delirium and dementia.Brain communications · 2021Article
- Cerebrospinal fluid metabolomics: detection of neuroinflammation in human central nervous system disease.Clinical & translational immunology · 2021Review
- Cerebrospinal fluid neopterin as a biomarker of neuroinflammatory diseases.Scientific reports · 2020Observational
- Cytokine biomarkers associated with clinical cases of acute flaccid myelitis.Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology · 2020Article
- Encephalitis and aseptic meningitis: short-term and long-term outcome, quality of life and neuropsychological functioning.Scientific reports · 2019Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe host response to intruders in the central nervous system (CNS) may be beneficial but could also be harmful and responsible for neurologic symptoms and sequelae in CNS infections. This immune response induces the activation of the kynurenine pathway (KP) with the production of neuroactive metabolites. Herein, we explored cytokine and KP responses in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum in patients with encephalitis, aseptic, and bacterial meningitis.
methodsCytokines were measured in CSF and serum by multiplex assay in adult patients with encephalitis of infectious, autoimmune or unknown etiology (n = 10), aseptic meningitis (ASM, n = 25), acute bacterial meningitis (ABM, n = 6), and disease control patients with similar symptoms but without pleocytosis in CSF (n = 42). Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/ MS) was used to measure KP metabolites in CSF and serum.
resultsA characteristic pattern of increasing cytokine levels and KP metabolites was found in CSF from encephalitis to ASM, with the highest levels in ABM. In ASM and ABM, most inflammatory mediators, including IL-6, IL-8, and IFN-inducible protein-10 (IP-10), showed markedly elevated levels in CSF compared with serum, indicating production within the CNS. In contrast to most mediators, the highest level of IP-10 was found in the ASM group, suggesting a potential role for IP-10 in aseptic/viral meningitis. Neopterin and IP-10 were associated with marked changes in KP metabolites in CSF with increasing kynurenine/tryptophan ratio reflecting indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity. Neopterin, a marker of IFN-γ activity, was associated with an unfavorable balance between neuroprotective and neurotoxic tryptophan metabolites.
conclusionWe show that parenchymal and meningeal inflammations in CNS share a characteristic cytokine profile with a general immune response in the CSF with limited influence from the systemic circulation. IFN-γ activity, assessed by neopterin and IP-10 levels, may play a role in the activation of the KP pathway in these patients, potentially mediating neurotoxic effects.
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