ArticleBrain sciences2018
Augmentation of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Treatment of Glioblastoma by Adding Ciprofloxacin, Deferiprone, 5-Fluorouracil and Febuxostat: The CAALA Regimen.
Article in Brain sciences, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ciprofloxacin beyond antibacterial therapy: pharmacological mechanisms, anticancer activity, and translational limitations.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Review
- UBC4: A Repurposed Drug Regimen for Adjunctive Use During Bladder Cancer Treatment.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Noninvasive Ultra Low Intensity Light Photodynamic Treatment of Glioblastoma with Drug Augmentation: LoGlo PDT Regimen.Brain sciences · 2024Article
- The contradictory role of febuxostat in ABCG2 expression and potentiating hypericin-mediated photodynamic therapy in colorectal cancers.Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology · 2024Article
- Photodynamic Therapy, Probiotics, Acetic Acid, and Essential Oil in the Treatment of Chronic Wounds Infected withPharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Antitumor Effects of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid on Human Malignant Glioblastoma Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Xanthine Oxidase Drives Hemolysis and Vascular Malfunction in Sickle Cell Disease.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2021Article
- Targeting iron metabolism in cancer therapy.Theranostics · 2021Review
- The drug development pipeline for glioblastoma-A cross sectional assessment of the FDA Orphan Drug Product designation database.PloS one · 2021Article
- Iron: The cancer connection.Molecular aspects of medicine · 2020Review
- A New Treatment Opportunity for DIPG and Diffuse Midline Gliomas: 5-ALA Augmented Irradiation, the 5aai Regimen.Brain sciences · 2020Article
- Photodynamic Therapy for the Treatment of Glioblastoma.Frontiers in surgery · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The CAALA (Complex Augmentation of ALA) regimen was developed with the goal of redressing some of the weaknesses of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) use in glioblastoma treatment as it now stands. 5-ALA is approved for use prior to glioblastoma surgery to better demarcate tumor from brain tissue. 5-ALA is also used in intraoperative photodynamic treatment of glioblastoma by virtue of uptake of 5-ALA and its preferential conversion to protoporphyrin IX in glioblastoma cells. Protoporphyrin IX becomes cytotoxic after exposure to 410 nm or 635 nm light. CAALA uses four currently-marketed drugs-the antibiotic ciprofloxacin, the iron chelator deferiprone, the antimetabolite 5-FU, and the xanthine oxidase inhibitor febuxostat-that all have evidence of ability to both increase 5-ALA mediated intraoperative glioblastoma demarcation and photodynamic cytotoxicity of in situ glioblastoma cells. Data from testing the full CAALA on living minipigs xenotransplanted with human glioblastoma cells will determine safety and potential for benefit in advancing CAALA to a clinical trial.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.