ArticleBritish dental journal2018
Mouthwash use and risk of diabetes.
Article in British dental journal, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Do Changes in Oral Microbiota Correlate With Plasma Nitrite Response? A Systematic Review.Frontiers in physiology · 2019Pooled it
- Higher salivary nitrite is associated with improved glycemic control and insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes.Nutrition & metabolism · 2026Article
- Effects of Antiseptic Formulations on Oral Microbiota and Related Systemic Diseases: A Scoping Review.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Mouthwash use in children and adolescents: should parents be worried?European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry · 2025Article
- Quantifying periodontitis-associated oral dysbiosis in tongue and saliva microbiomes-An integrated data analysis.Journal of periodontology · 2025Article
- Smoking and salivary microbiota: a cross-sectional analysis of an Italian alpine population.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- A Cross-Sectional Study to Evaluate Dental Professionals' Knowledge of Antiplaque Mouth Rinse Agents and their Application in Periodontal Practice.Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences · 2023Article
- Antiseptic mouthwash, the nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway, and hospital mortality: a hypothesis generating review.Intensive care medicine · 2021Review
- Rhamnolipids and surfactin inhibit the growth or formation of oral bacterial biofilm.BMC microbiology · 2020Article
- Mouthwash: more harm than good?British dental journal · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Many people in the UK use mouthwash on a regular basis. Recently, a longitudinal study conducted in Puerto Rico that monitored overweight and obese adults over a three-year period (which included periodontal and oral hygiene assessments) concluded that those using mouthwash twice daily or more at baseline had an approximately 50% increased risk of developing prediabetes/diabetes combined, compared to those who used mouthwash less than twice daily or not at all. The proposed mechanism to explain this is that mouthwash has antibacterial effects in the oral cavity, yet oral bacteria play an important role in the salivary nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway, and reduced levels of nitric oxide are associated with insulin resistance as well as adverse cardiovascular effects such as hypertension and impaired vascular function. However, methodological limitations in the study bring into question the generalisability of the findings. In this article, the important role of oral bacteria in the production of nitric oxide is discussed, and the findings of the Puerto Rican study are considered in detail. It is important that dental professionals are aware of emerging research on this topic as patients frequently ask for advice on use of mouthwash as part of their oral hygiene regime.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.