ArticleCancer science2019
Persistent restoration to the immunosupportive tumor microenvironment in glioblastoma by bevacizumab.
Article in Cancer science, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bevacizumab, Irinotecan, or Topotecan Added to Temozolomide for Children With Relapsed and Refractory Neuroblastoma: Results of the ITCC-SIOPEN BEACON-Neuroblastoma Trial.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2024Trial
- Clinical and histopathological analyses of VEGF receptors peptide vaccine in patients with primary glioblastoma - a case series.BMC cancer · 2020Trial
- The current role of immunotherapy in treating nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Review
- Annexin A2 associated with bevacizumab resistance and infiltrative escape in glioblastoma.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2026Article
- Association between PLVAP downregulation and increased lymphocyte infiltration in newly diagnosed glioblastoma treated with bevacizumab.Brain tumor pathology · 2026Article
- Alterations of the tumor microenvironment (TME) by exploratory gene expression analysis in recurrent glioblastoma following apatinib in combination with temozolomide.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Dual biomarker role of PD-L1 and LC3B in glioblastoma: prognostic and therapeutic potential.Neurosurgical review · 2026Review
- Immunosuppressive mechanisms and therapeutic interventions shaping glioblastoma immunity.Nature cancer · 2026Review
- Promoting Immune Response of Human Vascular Endothelial Cells by Bevacizumab: Insights into the Immune Supportive Role of Anti-VEGF Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Abnormal Vessels Potentially Accelerate Glioblastoma Proliferation by Inducing the Protumor Activation of Macrophages.Cancer science · 2025Article
- Immunomodulation on tumor immune microenvironment in acquired targeted therapy resistance and implication for immunotherapy resistance.Translational oncology · 2025Review
- The role of regulatory T cells in central nervous system diseases in dogs: fighting with a double-edged sword toward translational discoveries.American journal of translational research · 2025Review
- Overcoming immune evasion with innovative multi-target approaches for glioblastoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Immune Microenvironment and the Effect of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Inhibition in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Response to correspondence on an exploratory prospective phase II study of preoperative neoadjuvant bevacizumab and temozolomide for newly diagnosed glioblastoma.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2024Article
- Comparative analyses of immune cells and alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive cells under the immunological microenvironment between with and without dense fibrosis in primary central nervous system lymphoma.Brain tumor pathology · 2024Article
- Status of alternative angiogenic pathways in glioblastoma resected under and after bevacizumab treatment.Brain tumor pathology · 2024Article
- Glioblastoma Therapy: Past, Present and Future.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Immune checkpoint pathways in glioblastoma: a diverse and evolving landscape.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Although vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) promotes the immunosuppressive microenvironment, the efficacy of bevacizumab (Bev) on tumor immunity has not been fully investigated. The present study used 47 glioblastoma tissues obtained at 3 different settings: tumors of initial resection (naïve Bev group), tumors resected following Bev therapy (effective Bev group), and recurrent tumors after Bev therapy (refractory Bev group). The paired samples of the initial and post-Bev recurrent tumors from 9 patients were included. The expression of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/PD ligand-1 (PD-L1), CD3, CD8, Foxp3, and CD163 was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The PD-L1+ tumor cells significantly decreased in the effective or refractory Bev group compared with the naïve Bev group (P < .01 for each). The PD-1+ cells significantly decreased in the effective or refractory Bev group compared with the naïve Bev group (P < .01 for each). The amount of CD3+ and CD8+ T cell infiltration increased in the refractory Bev group compared with the naïve Bev group (CD3, P < .01; CD8, P = .06). Both Foxp3+ regulatory T cells and CD163+ tumor-associated macrophages significantly decreased in the effective or refractory Bev group compared with the naïve Bev group (Foxp3, P < .01 for each; CD163, P < .01 for each). These findings were largely confirmed by comparing paired initial and post-Bev recurrent tumors. Bevacizumab restores the immunosupportive tumor microenvironment in glioblastomas, and this effect persists during long-term Bev therapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.