Observational studyJournal of clinical monitoring and computing2019
The focus of temperature monitoring with zero-heat-flux technology (3M Bair-Hugger): a clinical study with patients undergoing craniotomy.
Observational study in Journal of clinical monitoring and computing, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04709627 (Verification of Clinical Utility), which is not on this map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Verification of Clinical Utility: enFlow IV Fluid and Blood Warming System
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Accuracy and precision of zero-heat-flux temperature measurements with the 3M™ Bair Hugger™ Temperature Monitoring System: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of clinical monitoring and computing · 2021Pooled it
- Early reduction of forced-air warming temperature can reduce energy consumption during craniotomy: a prospective randomized trial.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Evaluation of non-invasive sensors for monitoring core temperature.Journal of clinical monitoring and computing · 2025Article
- Numerical Investigation of Microporous Insulation for Power Reduction in Zero-Heat-Flux Thermometry.Micromachines · 2025Article
- Intraoperative zero-heat-flux thermometry overestimates nasopharyngeal temperature by 0.39 °C: an observational study in patients undergoing congenital heart surgery.Journal of clinical monitoring and computing · 2025Observational
- Development & application of a wearable non-differential calorimeter for skin heat transfer analysis.PloS one · 2025Article
- Application of the Bair Hugger™ core body temperature at wrist region with upper body warming blanket: a prospective observational study.Anesthesia and pain medicine · 2024Article
- Zero-heat-flux thermometry over the carotid artery in assessment of core temperature in craniotomy patients.Journal of clinical monitoring and computing · 2023Article
- Changes in Body Temperature Patterns Are Predictive of Mortality in Septic Shock: An Observational Study.Biology · 2023Article
- Clinical evaluation of a cutaneous zero-heat-flux thermometer during cardiac surgery.Journal of clinical monitoring and computing · 2022Article
- Comparison of zero heat flux and double sensor thermometers during spinal anaesthesia: a prospective observational study.Journal of clinical monitoring and computing · 2022Observational
- Implementation of continuous temperature monitoring during perioperative care: a feasibility study.Patient safety in surgery · 2022Article
- Study of Brain Circadian Rhythms in Patients with Chronic Disorders of Consciousness and Healthy Individuals Using Microwave Radiometry.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- A Method of Microwave Radiothermometry in Studies of Circadian Rhythms of Brain Temperature.Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine · 2022Article
- Intraoperative zero-heat-flux thermometry overestimates esophageal temperature by 0.26 °C: an observational study in 100 infants and young children.Journal of clinical monitoring and computing · 2021Observational
- Smart Patch for Skin Temperature: Preliminary Study to Evaluate Psychometrics and Feasibility.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Zero-Heat-Flux and Esophageal Temperature Monitoring in Orthopedic Surgery: An Observational Study.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2021Article
- Accuracy of zero-heat-flux thermometry and bladder temperature measurement in critically ill patients.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Perioperative measurement of core body temperature using an unobtrusive passive heat flow sensor.Journal of clinical monitoring and computing · 2020Observational
- Zero-heat-flux core temperature monitoring system: an observational secondary analysis to evaluate agreement with naso-/oropharyngeal probe during anesthesia.Journal of clinical monitoring and computing · 2020Observational
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In the noninvasive zero-heat-flux (ZHF) method, deep body temperature is brought to the skin surface when an insulated temperature probe with servo-controlled heating on the skin creates a region of ZHF from the core to the skin. The sensor of the commercial Bair-Hugger ZHF device is placed on the forehead. According to the manufacturer, the sensor reaches a depth of 1-2 cm below the skin. In this observational study, the anatomical focus of the Bair-Hugger ZHF sensor was assessed in pre- and postoperative CT or MRI images of 29 patients undergoing elective craniotomy. Assuming the 2-cm depth from the forehead skin surface, the temperature measurement point preoperatively reached the brain cortex in all except one patient. Assuming the 1-cm depth, the preoperative temperature measurement point did not reach the brain parenchyma in any of the patients and was at the cortical surface in two patients. Corresponding results were obtained postoperatively, although either sub-arachnoid fluid or air was observed in all CT/MRI images. Craniotomy did not have a detectable effect on the course of the ZHF temperatures. In Bland-Altman analysis, the agreement of ZHF temperature with the nasopharyngeal temperature was 0.11 (95% confidence interval - 0.54 to 0.75) °C and with the bladder temperature - 0.14 (- 0.81 to 0.52) °C. As conclusions, within the reported range of the Bair-Hugger ZHF measurement depth, the anatomical focus of the sensor cannot be determined. Craniotomy did not have a detectable effect on the course of the ZHF temperatures that showed good agreement with the nasopharyngeal and bladder temperatures.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.