Trial reportBone2019
Pregnancy supplementation of Gambian mothers with calcium carbonate alters mid-childhood IGF1 in a sex-specific manner.
Trial report in Bone, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Calcium supplementation (other than for preventing or treating hypertension) for improving pregnancy and infant outcomes.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Calcium supplementation during pregnancy and long-term offspring outcome: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Hard facts and misfits: essential ingredients of public health nutrition research.The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society · 2021Pooled it
- Effects of maternal calcium supplementation on offspring blood pressure and growth in childhood and adolescence in a population with a low-calcium intake: follow-up study of a randomized controlled trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2024Trial
- Long term links between maternal diet during pregnancy and offspring health.Pediatric research · 2025Review
- Altering maternal calcium and phosphorus dietary intake induces persistent sex-specific changes in the dentition of the offspring.Orthodontics & craniofacial research · 2024Article
- Altering calcium and phosphorus supplementation in pregnancy and lactation affects offspring craniofacial morphology in a sex-specific pattern.American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics · 2022Article
- Sex differences in requirements for micronutrients across the lifecourse.The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society · 2021Article
- Calcium-Deficiency during Pregnancy Affects Insulin Resistance in Offspring.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
contextSex-specific effects of pregnancy calcium carbonate supplementation have been reported in 8-12 year old Gambian children, indicating faster growth in boys but slower growth in girls born to calcium-supplemented mothers.
objectiveTo determine whether the pregnancy supplement resulted in sex-specific effects on offspring IGF1 and other growth-related indices in mid-childhood.
designAnalysis of archived data obtained in mid-childhood from the children of rural Gambian mothers who had been randomised to 1500 mgCa/d (Ca) or placebo (P) from 20 weeks pregnancy to delivery (ISRCTN96502494). PARTICIPANTS AND
methodsOf the 526 children born and followed in infancy, 290 had early-morning, fasting plasma assayed for IGF1, IGFBP3, leptin, insulin and calcium-related indices and had anthropometry performed at age 7.5 (SD1.2) years (N/group: Males(M)-Ca = 64, Females(F)-Ca = 77; M-P = 76, F-P = 73). Sex-specific effects of maternal supplementation were considered using regression with sexes separated and together to test for sex ∗ supplement interactions.
resultsBoys had lower IGF1, IGFBP3, leptin and insulin than girls (P ≤ 0.004). IGF1 was higher in M-Ca than M-P (+14.2 (SE7.7)%, P = 0.05) but lower in F-Ca than F-P (-17.8 (SE7.4)%, P = 0.01); sex ∗ supplement interaction P = 0.001. IGF1 concentrations (ng/ml, geometric mean [-1SE,+1SE]) were M-Ca = 78.1[4.3,4.5], M-P = 67.8[3.4,3.6]; F-Ca = 99.5[4.8,5.1], F-P = 118.9[6.4,6.8]. Similar sex ∗ supplement interactions were seen for IGFBP3 and IGF1-adjusted-for-IGFBP3 but group differences were smaller. There were no significant supplement effects on the other biochemical indices.
conclusionsCalcium carbonate supplementation of pregnant Gambian mothers resulted in higher IGF1 in boys and lower IGF1 in girls during mid-childhood, consistent with the reported maternal supplement effects on growth of the offspring in later childhood.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.