Observational studyJPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition2019
Time to Full Enteral Feeding for Very Low-Birth-Weight Infants Varies Markedly Among Hospitals Worldwide But May Not Be Associated With Incidence of Necrotizing Enterocolitis: The NEOMUNE-NeoNutriNet Cohort Study.
Observational study in JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Delayed introduction of progressive enteral feeds to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Slow advancement of enteral feed volumes to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Early full enteral feeding for preterm or low birth weight infants.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Validation of the DIGIROP 2.0 Models in predicting the risk of treatment-requiring retinopathy of prematurity in a Taiwanese cohort.Eye (London, England) · 2026Article
- Relationship between feeding milestones and comorbidities with the postnatal growth in preterm infants.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Article
- Exploring the Experience of Human Milk Use in Nigeria Neonatal Intensive Care Units: A Scoping Review.Maternal & child nutrition · 2026Article
- Clinical outcomes and factors associated with mortality among adults admitted to the intensive care unit at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia: retrospective chart review.BMC anesthesiology · 2026Article
- Enteral feeding practices and guideline adherence for very low birth weight infants in Chinese NICUs: a multicentre cross-sectional survey.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Impact of colostrum oropharyngeal immunotherapy on postnatal growth in preterm infants based on early gut microbiota-host interaction patterns: protocol for a randomized controlled trial.International breastfeeding journal · 2025Article
- How long does it take to start minimal enteral feeding in preterm Neonates admitted to NICUs in Southern Oromia, Ethiopia?Italian journal of pediatrics · 2025Observational
- [Expert consensus on enteral nutrition management for preterm infants in special situations (2024)].Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics · 2024Article
- Article
- Predictors of time to full enteral feeding in low birth weight neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit: a prospective follow up study.BMC pediatrics · 2024Article
- Time to Reach Full Enteral Feeding and Its Predictors among Very Low Birth Weight Neonates Admitted in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Follow-Up Cohort Study.Journal of nutrition and metabolism · 2024Article
- Time to full enteral feeds in hospitalised preterm and very low birth weight infants in Nigeria and Kenya.PloS one · 2024Article
- Article
- Dilemmas in establishing preterm enteral feeding: where do we start and how fast do we go?Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2023Review
- Trend and Predictors of Breastmilk Feeding among Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants in NICU and at Discharge.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Impact of time to full enteral feeding on long-term neurodevelopment without mediating by postnatal growth failure in very-low-birth-weight-infants.Scientific reports · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
29 authors at 16 institutions in 10 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTransition to enteral feeding is difficult for very low-birth-weight (VLBW; ≤1500 g) infants, and optimal nutrition is important for clinical outcomes.
methodData on feeding practices and short-term clinical outcomes (growth, necrotizing enterocolitis [NEC], mortality) in VLBW infants were collected from 13 neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in 5 continents (n = 2947). Specifically, 5 NICUs in Guangdong province in China (GD), mainly using formula feeding and slow feeding advancement (n = 1366), were compared with the remaining NICUs (non-GD, n = 1581, Oceania, Europe, United States, Taiwan, Africa) using mainly human milk with faster advancement rates.
resultsAcross NICUs, large differences were observed for time to reach full enteral feeding (TFF; 8-33 days), weight gain (5.0-14.6 g/kg/day), ∆z-scores (-0.54 to -1.64), incidence of NEC (1%-13%), and mortality (1%-18%). Adjusted for gestational age, GD units had longer TFF (26 vs 11 days), lower weight gain (8.7 vs 10.9 g/kg/day), and more days on antibiotics (17 vs 11 days; all P < .001) than non-GD units, but NEC incidence and mortality were similar.
conclusionFeeding practices for VLBW infants vary markedly around the world. Use of formula and long TFF in South China was associated with more use of antibiotics and slower weight gain, but apparently not with more NEC or higher mortality. Both infant- and hospital-related factors influence feeding practices for preterm infants. Multicenter, randomized controlled trials are required to identify the optimal feeding strategy during the first weeks of life.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.