Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30464998›Full record

ReviewNano-micro letters2017

Plant Surfaces: Structures and Functions for Biomimetic Innovations.

Wilhelm Barthlott, Matthias Mail, Bharat Bhushan, Kerstin Koch

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Nano-micro letters, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 91 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
91citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

91 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Photo-guided azopolymer hydrogel actuators.Light, science & applications · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Biomimetic 3D-PrintedACS applied materials & interfaces · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Engineered SrSnFeRSC advances · 2026
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. Bioinspired Drilling for Extraterrestrial Applications.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Review
  10. Article
  11. Bioinspired Brush Reinforced Solid Slippery Coatings for Marine Photovoltaic Protection.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Compounds Involved in the Invasive Characteristics ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Review
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Article

31 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Wilhelm Barthlott1Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University of Bonn, Venusbergweg 22, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
Matthias Mail1Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University of Bonn, Venusbergweg 22, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
Bharat Bhushan3Nanoprobe Laboratory for Bio & Nanotechnology and Biomimetics, The Ohio State University, 201 W. 19th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1142 USA.
Kerstin Koch4Faculty of Life Sciences, Rhine-Waal University of Applied Sciences, Marie Curie-Straße 1, 47533 Kleve, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

An overview of plant surface structures and their evolution is presented. It combines surface chemistry and architecture with their functions and refers to possible biomimetic applications. Within some 3.5 billion years biological species evolved highly complex multifunctional surfaces for interacting with their environments: some 10 million living prototypes (i.e., estimated number of existing plants and animals) for engineers. The complexity of the hierarchical structures and their functionality in biological organisms surpasses all abiotic natural surfaces: even superhydrophobicity is restricted in nature to living organisms and was probably a key evolutionary step with the invasion of terrestrial habitats some 350-450 million years ago in plants and insects. Special attention should be paid to the fact that global environmental change implies a dramatic loss of species and with it the biological role models. Plants, the dominating group of organisms on our planet, are sessile organisms with large multifunctional surfaces and thus exhibit particular intriguing features. Superhydrophilicity and superhydrophobicity are focal points in this work. We estimate that superhydrophobic plant leaves (e.g., grasses) comprise in total an area of around 250 million km

Indexed as

BionicsEvolutionHierarchical structuringLotus effectSalvinia effectSuperhydrophobicity

Identifiers

PMID30464998
PMCPMC6223843

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.