ReviewNeuropsychiatric disease and treatment2018
Neurofeedback versus psychostimulants in the treatment of children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review.
Review in Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of Mobile Neurofeedback on Internet Addiction and Neurocognitive Function in Neurotypical Children: Double-Blind, Sham-Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2024Trial
- Comparison of Vitamin D, Neurofeedback, and Neurofeedback Combined with Vitamin D Supplementation in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.Archives of Iranian medicine · 2022Trial
- Slow Cortical Potential Versus Live Z-score Neurofeedback in Children and Adolescents with ADHD: A Multi-arm Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial with Active and Passive Comparators.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2022Trial
- Monitoring neonatal brain function: recent advances in functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Review
- Neuromodulation as a Potential Intervention for Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2025Article
- The functional near infrared spectroscopy applications in children with developmental diseases: a review.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Review
- Psychological Treatments for Hyperactivity and Impulsivity in Children with ADHD: A Narrative Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Variations in Theta/Beta Ratio and Cognitive Performance in Subpopulations of Subjects with ADHD Symptoms: Towards Neuropsychological Profiling for Patient Subgrouping.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Article
- Neurofeedback for the Education of Children with ADHD and Specific Learning Disorders: A Review.Brain sciences · 2022Review
- Preliminary Real-World Evidence Supporting the Efficacy of a Remote Neurofeedback System in Improving Mental Health: Retrospective Single-Group Pretest-Posttest Study.JMIR formative research · 2022Article
- Comparative efficacy of targeted structural patterns of electroencephalography neurofeedback in children with inattentive or combined attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.Brain and behavior · 2022Article
- Experiences of neurofeedback therapists in treating attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.Health SA = SA Gesondheid · 2022Article
- Practitioner's review: medication for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and comorbid conditions.Neuropsychiatrie : Klinik, Diagnostik, Therapie und Rehabilitation : Organ der Gesellschaft Osterreichischer Nervenarzte und Psychiater · 2021Review
- Effects of Neurofeedback in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
- ADHD: Reviewing the Causes and Evaluating Solutions.Journal of personalized medicine · 2021Review
- Multimodal Interventions Are More Effective in Improving Core Symptoms in Children With ADHD.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Article
- Treatment Efficacy and Clinical Effectiveness of EEG Neurofeedback as a Personalized and Multimodal Treatment in ADHD: A Critical Review.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2021Review
- Updates in technology-based interventions for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.Current opinion in psychiatry · 2020Review
- A Systematic Review of the Potential Use of Neurofeedback in Patients With Schizophrenia.Schizophrenia bulletin open · 2020Review
- NURR1 deficiency is associated to ADHD-like phenotypes in mice.Translational psychiatry · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This systematic review aimed to evaluate the efficacy of neurofeedback (NF) compared to stimulant medication in treating children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Included in this review are eight randomized controlled trials that compared an NF condition, either alone or combined with medication, to a medication condition, which was mainly methylphenidate. Outcome measures included behavioral assessments by parents and teachers, self-reports, neurocognitive measures, electroencephalogram power spectra and event-related potentials. When only trials are considered that include probably blinded ratings or those that are sham-NF or semi-active controlled or those that employed optimally titration procedures, the findings do not support theta/beta NF as a standalone treatment for children or adolescents with ADHD. Nevertheless, an additive treatment effect of NF was observed on top of stimulants and theta/beta NF was able to decrease medication dosages, and both results were maintained at 6-month follow-up. This review concludes that the present role of NF in treating children diagnosed with ADHD should be considered as complementary in a multimodal treatment approach, individualized to the needs of the child, and may be considered a viable alternative to stimulants for a specific group of patients. Particularly patients with the following characteristics may benefit from NF treatment: low responders to medication, intolerable side effects due to medication, higher baseline theta power spectra and possibly having no comorbid psychiatric disorders. Future research should prioritize the identification of markers that differentiate responders from nonresponders to NF treatment, the potential of NF to decrease stimulant dosage, the standardization of NF treatment protocols and the identification of the most favorable neurophysiological treatment targets.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.