ArticleCancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology2019
GALAD Score for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Detection in Comparison with Liver Ultrasound and Proposal of GALADUS Score.
Article in Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 136 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Use of Blood Biomarkers for the Early Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)
Addition of GAAD Score to Imaging Surveillance for Early Identification of Liver Cancer.
Who cites it
136 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Diagnostic accuracy of circulating long noncoding RNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC gastroenterology · 2026Pooled it
- Abdominal ultrasound and alpha-foetoprotein for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in adults with chronic liver disease.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Validation of next‑generation sequencing‑derived circulating mRNA variants as potential diagnostic tools in hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma.Oncology reports · 2026Article
- Development and validation of GADA model for diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma in Chinese hepatitis B patients.Chinese medical journal · 2026Article
- GAFAD: A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based model for early hepatocellular carcinoma detection beyond GALAD's limitations.Clinical and molecular hepatology · 2026Article
- Serum Midkine as a Biomarker for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment Response and Prognostication.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2026Article
- An XGBoost-Based Multicenter Model for Predicting HBV-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Development and Validation.Cancer medicine · 2026Article
- Refining surveillance of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B through biomarker-based risk stratification.Hepatology communications · 2026Review
- HES V2.0 validation and performance compared to GALAD and ASAP in the HEDS cohort.Journal of hepatology · 2026Article
- Changes in Liver Disease Etiology Support a Lower Alpha-Fetoprotein Threshold for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Screening.Gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Refining early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma: The promise of the GALAD score.World journal of gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Validation of the GALAD model for diagnosing HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma in Chinese patients.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2026Article
- Tumour-host divergence: a hypothesis for personalised blood-based early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Utility of Biomarker Panels in the Surveillance and Monitoring of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Consensus Statements from an International Delphi Panel.Liver cancer · 2025Article
- Performance of GAAD and GALAD Biomarker Panels for HCC Detection in Patients with MASLD or ALD Cirrhosis.Cancers · 2025Article
- Development and validation of a GP73-based predictive model for the diagnosis of early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma.Journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2025Article
- Insights into the GALAD score: A new optimal cut-off for hepatocellular carcinoma.World journal of gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Sustained AFP-L3 or DCP expression is associated with progression risk and inferior outcomes in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Article
- Current Tools to Diagnose and Predict Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Relevance to HIV and Hepatitis B Virus Coinfection.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2025Review
- Novel blood signature for hepatocellular carcinoma screening.ESMO gastrointestinal oncology · 2025Article
76 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
31 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe GALAD score is a serum biomarker-based model that predicts the probability of having hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with chronic liver disease. We aimed to assess the performance of the GALAD score in comparison with liver ultrasound for detection of HCC.
methodsA single-center cohort of 111 HCC patients and 180 controls with cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis B and a multicenter cohort of 233 early HCC and 412 cirrhosis patients from the Early Detection Research Network (EDRN) phase II HCC Study were analyzed.
resultsThe area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the GALAD score for HCC detection was 0.95 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.93-97], which was higher than the AUC of ultrasound (0.82,
conclusionsThe performance of the GALAD score was superior to ultrasound for HCC detection. The GALADUS score further enhanced the performance of the GALAD score. IMPACT: The GALAD score was validated in the United States.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.