Observational studyCritical care (London, England)2018
Iron deficiency diagnosed using hepcidin on critical care discharge is an independent risk factor for death and poor quality of life at one year: an observational prospective study on 1161 patients.
Observational study in Critical care (London, England), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Factors influencing long-term health-related quality of life among intensive care unit survivors: a mixed-methods systematic review.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- The Relationship Between Hepcidin-Mediated Iron Dysmetabolism and COVID-19 Severity: A Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2022Pooled it
- Iron serum levels and iron homeostasis parameters in patients with nosocomial pneumonia treated with cefiderocol: post hoc analysis of the APEKS-NP study.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2022Trial
- Micronutrients and ICU-Acquired Weakness: A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Anemia of Critical Illness: A Concise Definitive Review in Critical Care.Critical care medicine · 2026Review
- Early prediction of sepsis-induced coagulopathy in the ICU using interpretable machine learning: a multi-center retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- What do we know about micronutrients in critically ill patients? A narrative review.JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition · 2025Review
- Iron Metabolism in the Recovery Phase of Critical Illness with a Focus on Sepsis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Iron and ferritin effects on intensive care unit mortality: A meta-analysis.World journal of clinical cases · 2024Article
- Iron and erythropoietin to heal and recover after intensive care (ITHRIVE): A pilot randomised clinical trial.Critical care and resuscitation : journal of the Australasian Academy of Critical Care Medicine · 2023Article
- Hepcidin and Iron in Health and Disease.Annual review of medicine · 2023Review
- Article
- Hepcidin discriminates sepsis from other critical illness at admission to intensive care.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Patient blood management in the ICU: A narrative review of the literature.European journal of anaesthesiology and intensive care · 2022Review
- U-Shape Relationship between Plasma Leucine Level and Mortality in the Intensive Care Unit.Disease markers · 2022Article
- Organizational Strategies for the Management of Intravenous Iron Therapy in Non-Hospitalized Settings: A Safe Opportunity to Implement Patient Blood Management in Italy.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Iron metabolism in infections: Focus on COVID-19.Seminars in hematology · 2021Review
- Iron Deficiency Defined by Hepcidin in Critically Ill Patients.Critical care (London, England) · 2021Article
- A Machine Learning Approach for the Prediction of Traumatic Brain Injury Induced Coagulopathy.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIron deficiency is difficult to diagnose in critically ill patients, but may be frequent and may impair recovery. Measurement of hepcidin could help in the diagnosis of iron deficiency. We aim to assess if iron deficiency diagnosed using hepcidin is associated with poorer outcome one year after an intensive care unit stay.
methodsWe used the prospective FROG-ICU, multicentre (n = 28 ICUs), observational cohort study of critically ill survivors followed up one year after intensive care unit discharge. Iron deficiency was defined as hepcidin < 20 ng/l, ferritin < 100 ng/l or soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR)/log(ferritin) > 0.8, measured in blood drawn at intensive care unit discharge. Main outcomes were one-year all-cause mortality and poor quality of life (defined as a Short Form 36 (SF-36) score below the median).
resultsAmong the 2087 patients in the FROG-ICU cohort, 1570 were discharged alive and 1161 had a blood sample available at intensive care unit discharge and were included in the analysis. Using hepcidin, 429 (37%) patients had iron deficiency, compared to 72 (6%) using ferritin alone and 151 (13%) using the sTfR/log(ferritin) ratio. Iron deficiency diagnosed according to low hepcidin was an independent predictor of one-year mortality (OR 1.51 (1.10-2.08)) as was high sTfR/log ferritin ratio (OR = 1.95 (1.27-3.00)), but low ferritin was not. Severe ID, defined as hepcidin < 10 ng/l, was also an independent predictor of poor one-year physical recovery (1.58 (1.01-2.49)).
conclusionsIron deficiency, diagnosed using hepcidin, is very frequent at intensive care unit discharge and is associated with increased one-year mortality and poorer physical recovery. Whether iron treatment may improve these outcomes remains to be investigated.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.