ArticlePloS one2018
Salivary immunity and lower respiratory tract infections in non-elite marathon runners.
Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Acute and chronic effects of physical exercise on IgA and IgG levels and susceptibility to upper respiratory tract infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology · 2022Pooled it
- Circulating Antimicrobial Peptides as Biomarkers of Inflammation and Airway Dysfunction After Marathon Running.Biology · 2025Article
- Salivary IgA and vimentin differentiate in vitro SARS-CoV-2 infection: A study of 290 convalescent COVID-19 patients.Mucosal immunology · 2024Article
- Analysis of IGHA1 and other salivary proteins post half marathon in female participants.PeerJ · 2023Article
- Effects of caffeinated beverage ingestion on salivary antimicrobial proteins responses to acute exercise in the heat.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
- Influence of Hesperidin on Systemic Immunity of Rats Following an Intensive Training and Exhausting Exercise.Nutrients · 2020Article
- Covid-19 and Exercise-Induced Immunomodulation.Neuroimmunomodulation · 2020Article
- Influence of routine exercise on the peripheral immune system to prevent and alleviate pain.Neurobiology of pain (Cambridge, Mass.)Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
rationaleRespiratory infections are common after strenuous exercise, when salivary immunity may be altered. We aim to investigate changes in salivary immunity after a marathon and its relationship with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) in healthy non-elite marathon runners.
methodsForty seven healthy marathon runners (28 males and 19 females) who completed the 42.195 km of the 2016 Barcelona marathon were studied. Saliva and blood samples were collected the day before the marathon and two days after the end of the race. Salivary IgA, antimicrobial proteins (lactoferrin, lysozyme) and chemokines (Groα, Groβ, MCP-1) were determined using ELISA kits in saliva supernatant. Blood biochemistry and haemogram were analyzed in all participants. The presence of LRTI was considered in those runners who reported infectious lower respiratory tract symptoms during a minimum of 3 consecutive days in the 2 weeks after the race.
resultsEight participants (17%) presented a LRTI during the 2 weeks of follow-up. Higher lysozyme levels were detected after the race in runners with LRTI when compared with those without infection. A decrease in salivary lysozyme, Groα and Groβ levels after the race were observed in those runners who did not develop a LRTI when compared to basal levels. Salivary Groα levels correlated with basophil blood counts, and salivary lysozyme levels correlated with leukocyte blood counts.
conclusionsLRTI are common after a marathon race in non-elite healthy runners. Changes in salivary antimicrobial proteins and chemokines are related to the presence of LRTI and correlate with systemic defense cells, which suggest an important role of salivary immunity in the development of LRTI in non-elite marathon runners.
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