ArticleJournal of analytical toxicology2019
Detection of Fentanyl Analogs and Synthetic Opioids in Real Hair Samples.
Article in Journal of analytical toxicology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Based Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence Sensor for Sensitive and Selective Fentanyl Detection.Analytical chemistry · 2026Article
- Use of Illegally Manufactured Fentanyl in the United States: Current Trends.Current addiction reports · 2025Article
- People entering opioid substance use treatment have low rates of naloxone knowledge and possession.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
- How new nanotechnologies are changing the opioid analysis scenery? A comparison with classical analytical methods.Forensic sciences research · 2024Review
- Detection of fentanyl, synthetic opioids, and ketamine in hair specimens from purposive samples of American and Italian populations.Journal of forensic sciences · 2023Article
- Deep learning-assisted sensitive detection of fentanyl using a bubbling-microchip.Lab on a chip · 2022Article
- Article
- Toxicosurveillance of novel opioids: just screening tests may not be enough.The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse · 2021Article
- Underreporting of drug use among electronic dance music party attendees.Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2021Article
- Shifts in Unintentional Exposure to Drugs Among People Who Use Ecstasy in the Electronic Dance Music Scene, 2016-2019.The American journal on addictions · 2021Article
- Targeted and untargeted detection of fentanyl analogues and their metabolites in hair by means of UHPLC-QTOF-HRMS.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2021Article
- Hair analysis for New Psychoactive Substances (NPS): Still far from becoming the tool to study NPS spread in the community?Toxicology reports · 2021Article
- U-47700 and Its Analogs: Non-Fentanyl Synthetic Opioids Impacting the Recreational Drug Market.Brain sciences · 2020Review
- Determination of 37 fentanyl analogues and novel synthetic opioids in hair by UHPLC-MS/MS and its application to authentic cases.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Toward the Interpretation of Positive Testing for Fentanyl and Its Analogs in Real Hair Samples: Preliminary Considerations.Journal of analytical toxicology · 2020Article
- Application of the fentanyl analog screening kit toward the identification of emerging synthetic opioids in human plasma and urine by LC-QTOF.Toxicology letters · 2020Article
- Should NPS be included in workplace drug testing?Drug testing and analysis · 2020Article
- Interpol review of toxicology 2016-2019.Forensic science international. Synergy · 2020Review
- Health effects from unintentional occupational exposure to opioids among law enforcement officers: Two case investigations.American journal of industrial medicine · 2019Article
- Testing hair for fentanyl exposure: a method to inform harm reduction behavior among individuals who use heroin.The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Novel synthetic opioids include various analogs of fentanyl and emerging non-fentanyl compounds with different chemical structures, such as AH-7921, MT-45 and U-47700. In recent years, these drugs have rapidly emerged on the drug market, and their abuse has been increasing worldwide. The motivations for use of these new compounds include their legal status, ready availability, low cost, users' curiosity or preference for their particular pharmacological properties and the intention to avoid detection. Furthermore, more common drugs like heroin are now increasingly being replaced or cut with fentanyl or new designer opioids; thus, many drug users are unintentionally or unknowingly using synthetic fentanyl analogs. In this scenario, the detection of new psychoactive substances in hair can provide insight into their current diffusion among the population and social characteristics of these synthetic drug users. In this manuscript, we describe a simple, fast, specific and sensitive UHPLC-MS-MS method able to detect 13 synthetic opioids (including fentanyl analogs) and metabolites in hair samples. Furthermore, the method includes the detection of 4-anilino-N-phenethyl-piperidine (4-ANPP), which is considered both a precursor and a metabolite of several fentanyl analogs. The method was applied to 34 real hair samples collected in New York City from subjects who had reported past-year non-medical opioid and/or heroin use. In total, 17 samples tested positive for at least one target analyte, with oxycodone (nine samples) and tramadol (eight samples) being the most common. Among these, the method was able to quantify furanyl-fentanyl and fentanyl in the pg/mg range in two samples. Simultaneously, also 4-ANPP was detected, giving evidence for the first time that this compound can be selected as a marker of fentanyl analogs use via hair testing. In conclusion, this study confirmed the increasing diffusion of new synthetic opioids and "fentalogs" with high potency among non-medical opioid users.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.