ArticleSexually transmitted diseases2019
Results of a Pilot Study of a Mail-Based Human Papillomavirus Self-Testing Program for Underscreened Women From Appalachian Ohio.
Article in Sexually transmitted diseases, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Canadian Guideline on the Management of a Positive Human Papillomavirus Test and Guidance for Specific Populations.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2023Guideline
- Does self-sampling for human papilloma virus testing have the potential to increase cervical cancer screening? An updated meta-analysis of observational studies and randomized clinical trials.Frontiers in public health · 2022Pooled it
- Assessing the Effectiveness of Cancer Screening Interventions Targeting Appalachian Populations: A Systematic Review.The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association · 2021Pooled it
- Promoting cervical cancer screening via a mailed HPV self-collection kit: Reactions from screeners and non-screeners.Patient education and counseling · 2026Trial
- A Mail-Based HPV Self-Collection Program to Increase Cervical Cancer Screening in Appalachia: Results of a Group Randomized Trial.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2025Trial
- Self-sampling tools to increase cancer screening among underserved patients: a pilot randomized controlled trial.JNCI cancer spectrum · 2024Trial
- Cervical cancer screening preferences by sexual orientation among persons assigned female at birth.BMC women's health · 2026Article
- A global scoping review of interventions to increase participation in screening programmes for breast, cervical and colorectal cancer between 2016 and 2025.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Development and Evaluation of Innovation Scales for Mail-Based Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Self-Collection Among U.S. Low-Income Women.Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy) · 2025Article
- Cancer Screening in Appalachia: A Common-Sense Approach.International journal of behavioral medicine · 2025Article
- Results of a Human Papillomavirus Self-Collection Educational Intervention for Health Care Providers in Appalachia.Women's health reports (New Rochelle, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- The Acceptability and Feasibility of Self-Collected HPV Testing for Cervical Cancer Screening Among Black and Latinx Women in Chicago: Perspectives from the Community.Women's health reports (New Rochelle, N.Y.) · 2024Article
- Assessing and Addressing the Determinants of Appalachian Population Health: A Scoping Review.Journal of Appalachian health · 2023Article
- HPV knowledge, screening barriers and facilitators, and sources of health information among women living with HIV: perspectives from the DC community during the COVID-19 pandemic.BMC women's health · 2022Article
- Cervical Cancer Prevention and High-Risk HPV Self-Sampling Awareness and Acceptability among Women Living with HIV: A Qualitative Investigation from the Patients' and Providers' Perspectives.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2022Article
- "It Feels Like Health Care with the Patient in Mind": VA Patient and Staff Perspectives on Self-Collected HPV Testing.Women's health issues : official publication of the Jacobs Institute of Women's HealthArticle
- A Scoping Literature Review on Evidence-Based Strategies to Increase Cervical Cancer Screening.Journal of primary care & community healthArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) self-testing is an emerging cervical cancer screening strategy, yet few mail-based HPV self-testing programs have been implemented in the United States. We report the results of a pilot study of a mail-based program, the Health Outcomes through Motivation and Education Project.
methodsIn 2015 to 2016, we recruited 103 women from Appalachian Ohio who were aged 30 to 65 years and had not received a Papanicolaou (Pap) test in at least 3 years. Women were mailed an HPV self-test and randomized to receive either (a) self-test instructions developed by the device manufacturer and a standard information brochure about cervical cancer (control group) or (b) self-test instructions developed by the Health Outcomes through Motivation and Education Project and a photo story information brochure about cervical cancer (intervention group). Logistic regression compared study arms on HPV self-test return and receipt of a Pap test.
resultsOverall, 80 (78%) women returned their HPV self-test. Return was similar among the intervention and control groups (78% vs. 77%; odds ratio, 1.09; 95% confidence interval, 0.43-2.76). Among returners, 26% had an oncogenic HPV type detected in their sample. Women who returned their self-test reported high levels of satisfaction and positive experiences with the self-testing process. Few women overall received a Pap test (11%), and Pap testing was similar among the intervention and control groups (14% vs. 8%; odds ratio, 1.91; 95% confidence interval, 0.52-6.97).
conclusionsMail-based HPV self-testing programs are a potentially promising strategy for reaching underscreened women in Appalachia. Efforts are needed to better understand how to optimize the success of such programs.
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