ArticleMedical care2019
Trends, Causes, and Outcomes of Hospitalizations for Homeless Individuals: A Retrospective Cohort Study.
Article in Medical care, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 107 citations in OpenAlex.
- Predictors and consequences of homelessness in whole-population observational studies that used administrative data: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2023Pooled it
- Interventions to Reduce Hospital Length of Stay in High-risk Populations: A Systematic Review.JAMA network open · 2021Pooled it
- Inpatient Documentation of Homelessness After a Medicare Payment Policy Change.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Risk for Acute Care Utilization in Housing-Insecure Adults: A National Study of a Hot Spotter Program in the US Veterans Health Administration.Medical care · 2026Article
- Factors Associated With Rising Homelessness Within US States, 2019 to 2024.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Supporting Emergency Department Patients Experiencing Homelessness.Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open · 2026Article
- Determinants of vaccination willingness among people experiencing homelessness: a cross-sectional study in Warsaw, Poland.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Improving access to healthcare services for people experiencing homelessness: evidence from a scoping review of interventions.Health & justice · 2025Review
- Article
- Contingency Management for Stimulant Use Disorder and Association With Mortality: A Cohort Study.The American journal of psychiatry · 2025Article
- Implementing a hospital-based case management intervention for people experiencing homelessness: the navigator program.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Estimating the scale of hospital admissions for people experiencing homelessness in England: a population-based multiple systems estimation study using national Hospital Episode Statistics.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- Total Knee Arthroplasty and Homelessness: A Database Study.The archives of bone and joint surgery · 2025Article
- Reaching Structurally Vulnerable Populations Using Low-Barrier COVID-19 Testing Clinics Co-Created with Community-Based Organizations.Journal of general internal medicine · 2024Article
- Analyzing the 20-year declining trend of hospital length-of-stay in European countries with different healthcare systems and reimbursement models.International journal of health economics and management · 2024Article
- Describing the Medical Needs of Hawai'i's Houseless Population During COVID at Free Student Run Outpatient Clinics (Hawai'i HOME Project).Hawai'i journal of health & social welfare · 2024Article
- Access, Outcomes, and Costs Associated with Surgery for Malignancy Among People Experiencing Homelessness.Annals of surgical oncology · 2024Article
- In-Hospital Methadone Enrollment: a Novel Program to Facilitate Linkage from the Hospital to the Opioid Treatment Program for Vulnerable Patients with Opioid Use Disorder.Journal of general internal medicine · 2024Article
- Comparison of Causes of Mortality Between Hospitalized Unsheltered Homeless Patients and Non-Homeless Sex and Age-Matched Controls: A Retrospective Case-Control Study.International journal of public health · 2024Article
- THE ROLE OF HEALTH POLICY IN IMPROVING HEALTH OUTCOMES AND HEALTH EQUITY.Transactions of the American Clinical and Climatological Association · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesIn the United States, an estimated 553,000 people are homeless on any given night. Few data provide large-scale, contemporary insight with regard to recent patterns of acute illness in this vulnerable population. We evaluated patterns, causes, and outcomes of acute hospitalization among homeless persons compared with a demographics-standardized and risk-standardized nonhomeless cohort.
methodsRetrospective study comparing 185,292 hospitalizations for homeless individuals and 32,322,569 hospitalizations for demographics-standardized nonhomeless individuals between 2007 and 2013 in Massachusetts, Florida, and California. Annual hospitalization rates for homeless persons were calculated and causes of hospitalization were compared with a demographics-standardized nonhomeless cohort. Logistic and linear regression models were used to estimate risk-standardized outcomes.
resultsFrom 2007 to 2013, hospitalizations for the homeless increased in Massachusetts (294 to 420 hospitalizations per 1000 homeless residents), Florida (161 to 240/1000), and California (133 to 164/1000). Homeless patients were on average 46 years of age, often male (76.1%), white (62%), and either uninsured (41.9%) or insured by Medicaid (31.7%). Hospitalizations for homeless persons, compared with demographics-standardized nonhomeless, were more frequently for mental illness and substance use disorder (52% vs. 18%, P<0.001). Homeless compared with risk-standardized nonhomeless individuals had lower in-hospital mortality rates (0.9% vs. 1.2%, P<0.001), longer mean length of stay (6.5 vs. 5.9 d, P<0.001), and lower mean costs per day ($1 535 vs. $1 834, P<0.001).
conclusionsHospitalizations among homeless persons are rising. Despite greater policy and public health focus over the last few decades, mental illness and substance use remain primary drivers of acute hospitalization among homeless adults. Policy efforts should address barriers to the use of ambulatory care services, and behavioral health services in particular, to help reduce acute care use and improve the long-term health of homeless individuals.
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Registered trials
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