Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30461069›Full record

ArticleJournal of traumatic stress2018

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Risk of Posttraumatic Stress and Related Disorders: A Prospective Longitudinal Evaluation in U.S. Army Soldiers.

Jonathon R Howlett, Laura Campbell-Sills, Sonia Jain, Steven G Heeringa, Matthew K Nock, Xiaoying Sun, Robert J Ursano, Murray B Stein

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of traumatic stress, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07664631 (Effects of Stimulant Medications in PTSD), which is not on this map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
0.7field-weighted citation impact, top 29% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07664631 phase1not yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Effects of Stimulant Medications in PTSD

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of ChicagoRan2026 to 2027Enrolled40ConditionsAdderall, PTSD, Post Traumatic Stress DisorderArmsPlacebo, Adderall
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Poorer Inhibitory Control Uniquely Contributes to Greater Functional Disability in Post-9/11 Veterans.Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists · 2023
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Jonathon R HowlettDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6600-8609
Laura Campbell-SillsDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
Sonia JainDepartment of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
Steven G HeeringaUniversity of Michigan, Institute for Social Research, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Matthew K NockDepartment of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Xiaoying SunDepartment of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
Robert J UrsanoCenter for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Murray B SteinDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
University of California San Diego · USHarvard University · USUniformed Services University of the Health Sciences · USUniversity of Michigan · US

Funding

Modifiable Risk and Protective Factors for Suicidal Behaviors in the US ArmyU01MH087981 · NIMH · HENRY M. JACKSON FDN FOR THE ADV MIL/MED · PI STEIN, MURRAY B., URSANO, ROBERT J. · 2009 to 2013
$65.0M
Department of the Army U01MH087981Department of the Army, or Department of DefenseNIH HHSNIMH NIH HHS U01 MH087981U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cross-sectional associations between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been observed, but longitudinal studies assessing this association are lacking. This prospective study evaluated the association between predeployment ADHD and postdeployment PTSD among U.S. Army soldiers. Soldiers who deployed to Afghanistan were surveyed before deployment (T0) and approximately 1 month (T1), 3 months (T2), and 9 months (T3) after their return. Logistic regression was performed to estimate the association between predeployment ADHD and postdeployment (T2 or T3) PTSD among 4,612 soldiers with data at all waves and no record of stimulant medication treatment during the study. To evaluate specificity of the ADHD-PTSD association, we examined associations among predeployment ADHD, postdeployment major depressive episode (MDE), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and suicidal ideation. Weighted prevalence of ADHD predeployment was 6.1% (SE = 0.4%). Adjusting for other risk factors, predeployment ADHD was associated with risk of postdeployment PTSD, adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.13, 95% CI [1.51, 3.00], p < .001, including incidence among soldiers with no predeployment history of PTSD, AOR = 2.50, 95% CI [1.69, 3.69], p < .001. ADHD was associated with postdeployment MDE, AOR = 2.80, 95% CI [2.01, 3.91], p < .001, and GAD, AOR = 3.04, 95% CI [2.10, 4.42], p < .001, but not suicidal ideation. Recognition of associations between predeployment ADHD and postdeployment PTSD, MDE, and GAD may inform targeted prevention efforts. Future research should examine whether treatment of ADHD is protective against PTSD and related disorders in trauma-exposed individuals.

Indexed as

AdultAfghan Campaign 2001-Attention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityFemaleHumansIncidenceLongitudinal StudiesMaleMilitary PersonnelProspective StudiesPsychiatric Status Rating ScalesStress Disorders, Post-TraumaticSuicidal IdeationUnited States

Identifiers

PMID30461069
PMCPMC6386189
OpenAlexW2900793542

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.